Early reduction in gut microbiota diversity in critically ill patients is associated with mortality.

Background: Critical illness is associated with an altered gut microbiota, yet its association with poor outcomes remains unclear. This study evaluates the early gut microbiota diversity changes in intensive care unit patients and its association with mortality. Additionally, it explores fecal pH as a potential biomarker for these changes.

Gut microbiota associations with chronic kidney disease: insights into nutritional and inflammatory parameters.

Introduction: The gut barrier, comprising gut microbiota, plays a pivotal role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and nutritional status. This study aimed to explore gut barrier alterations in hemodialyzed (HD) patients, non-HD (NHD) CKD patients, and healthy volunteers.

Methods: Our cross-sectional study enrolled 22 HD patients, 11 NHD patients, and 11 healthy volunteers.

Regional spread of an atypical ESBL-producing ST131H89 clone among different human and environmental reservoirs in Western Switzerland.

We describe the inter-regional spread of a novel ESBL-producing subclone (ST131H89) in long-term care facility residents, general population, and environmental water sources in Western Switzerland between 2017 and 2020. The study highlights the importance of molecular surveillance for tracking emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens in healthcare and community settings.

Mycoplasma genitalium Endocarditis in Prosthetic Aortic Valve.

We report a case of Mycoplasma genitalium endocarditis in a prosthetic heart valve of a woman who sought care in Switzerland for acute aortic valve dysfunction 3 years after valve replacement. This unusual manifestation of infection with this bacterium was diagnosed using broad-range PCR despite suspicion of a mechanical disinsertion.

Postpartum septic arthritis of pubic symphysis due to : Contribution of clinicalmetagenomics.

, and have been recently described in the female genital tract. We present the first case of a postpartum septic arthritis of the pubic symphysis due to these organisms, identified by next generation sequencing.

Contribution of Clinical Metagenomics to the Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Infections.

Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are complex infections that require precise microbiological documentation to optimize antibiotic therapy. Currently, diagnosis is based on microbiological culture, sometimes complemented by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. Clinical metagenomics (CMg), that is, the sequencing of the entire nucleic acids in a sample, was previously shown to identify bacteria not detected by conventional methods, but its actual contribution to the diagnosis remains to be assessed, especially with regard to 16S rDNA sequencing.

Infection Identified by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing as the Probable Cause of Acute Contained Rupture of a Biological Composite Graft-A Case Report.

We present the case of a 72-year-old female patient with acute contained rupture of a biological composite graft, 21 months after replacement of the aortic valve and the ascending aorta due to an aortic dissection. Auramine-rhodamine staining of intraoperative biopsies showed acid-fast bacilli, but classical culture and molecular methods failed to identify any organism. Metagenomic analysis indicated infection with  , which was confirmed by target-specific qPCR.

Changes in the gut bacterial communities in colon cancer surgery patients: an observational study.

Background: Colon surgery has been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota. Our objective was to characterize these changes using state-of-the-art next generation sequencing techniques.

Methods: We performed a single-centre prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota, i.

Epidemiology of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from repeated prevalence studies over 11 years in a long-term-care facility.

Background: Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131 H30 is an emerging multidrug resistant subclone, known to spread and cause outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).

Objectives And Methods: From 2010 through 2020, we performed 11 yearly surveillance studies for determining the prevalence of digestive carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) among residents in a university-affiliated LCTF.

Hydrogen Peroxide Affects Growth of Through Downregulation of Genes Involved in Pyrimidine Biosynthesis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the cellular defense against , as evidenced by the importance of this pathogen in patients lacking the ROS-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. ROS concentrations required to kill are much higher than those found in the phagosome. We therefore hypothesized that sublethal ROS concentrations may play a role in gene dysregulation and investigated the transcriptomic response of to sublethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Gut barrier and microbiota changes with glycine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Background: We have previously shown that glycine increases fat-free mass in chronic haemodialysis patients with features of malnutrition as compared with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This multicentre randomized double-blind crossover study evaluates the impact of these amino acids on the gut barrier and microbiota.

Methods: Haemodialysis patients were included if they had plasma albumin <38 g/L or weight loss >5% of dry body weight, and daily dietary intakes <30 kcal/kg and <1 g protein/kg.

Case Report: About a Case of Hyperammonemia Syndrome Following Lung Transplantation: Could Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Improve the Clinical Management?

and spp. are responsible for opportunistic infections in transplant patients, sometimes causing a life-threatening hyperammonemia syndrome. Both pathogens are not identified with standard microbiology techniques, resulting in missed or delayed diagnosis.

Oral Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Oral microbiota has largely escaped attention in Parkinson's disease (PD), despite its pivotal role in maintaining oral and systemic health.

Objective: The aim of our study was to examine the composition of the oral microbiota and the degree of oral inflammation in PD.

Methods: Twenty PD patients were compared to 20 healthy controls.

The GLP-1R agonist liraglutide limits hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammatory response in mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The disease can evolve toward nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a state of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. There is presently no drug that effectively improves and/or prevents NAFLD/NASH/fibrosis.

Strain coverage of Bexsero vaccine assessed by whole-genome sequencing over a cohort of invasive meningococci of serogroups B and W isolated in Switzerland.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) strains, is a life-threatening but vaccine-preventable condition. Bexsero is a four-component vaccine that offers broad protection against Nm of serogroup B (NmB), particularly common in Europe. In Switzerland, Bexsero has not yet been licensed and no information is available concerning the predicted vaccine coverage on isolates of circulating Nm.

Septic shock caused by Capnocytophaga canis after a cat scratch.

Capnocytophaga canis is an uncommon cause of septic shock. Only three cases have been previously reported in the literature. In this article, we describe the case of a 70-year-old male admitted to the intensive care unit for septic shock of unknown origin.

Changes in Microbiota Profiles After Prolonged Frozen Storage of Stool Suspensions.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended as safe and effective treatment for recurrent infections. Freezing the FMT preparation simplifies the process, allowing a single stool sample to be used for multiple receivers and over an extended period of time. We aimed to assess the effect of long-term frozen storage on bacterial taxonomic profiles of a stool suspension prepared for FMT.

Second Periprosthetic Joint Infection Caused by : How Genomic Sequencing Can Help Defining the Best Therapeutic Strategy.

Primary and revision arthroplasties are increasing worldwide, as are periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). The management of PJI requires surgery, the strategy of which is dictated by the acute or chronic nature of the infection, with an exchange of the implant in the event of a chronic PJI or in the case of recurrence with the same pathogen. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with two episodes of subsp.