Munchausen syndrome with factitious hypoglycemia due to deliberate insulin analog administration and factitious hyperglycemia in a patient with hypothyroidism.

Background: Hypoglycemic syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to the disruption of brain and internal organ functions, and in severe cases to irreparable consequences or death. Factitious hypoglycemia (FH) is the deliberate use of insulin preparations or oral hypoglycemic drugs with the aim of lowering blood glucose levels into the pathologically-hypoglycemic range. Deliberate administration of insulin analogs may be difficult to prove because they might not have epitopes or containing low affinity epitopes that are the targets of antibodies used in particular assay kits.

Circular RNAs and thyroid cancer: Closed molecules, open possibilities.

Thyroid neoplasms requiring differential diagnosis between thyroid cancer and benign tumors can be detected in more than half of the healthy population. A generally accepted method that allows assessing the risk of malignant potential and determining the indications for surgical treatment of thyroid tumor is a fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by a cytological examination. Nevertheless, in patients with indeterminate categories of cytological conclusions according to Bethesda system, the positive predictive value of the cytology result is significantly lower than desired and often leads to unjustified surgical treatment.

[The role of molecular testing in thyroid tumors].

¹I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; ²Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland cancer.

[Oxidative stress and its role in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases].

A large number of socially significant diseases is accompanied with oxidative stress and carry with tissue damage. Free radicals play a crucial role in the development of these diseases. Similar processes occur under the influence of ionizing radiation and bacterial infections.

[The possibility of using freely circulating DNA blood plasma in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors].

Background: The feasibility of using molecular genetic markers for the diagnosis of thyroid tumors and the impact on the prognosis of thyroid cancer are being actively investigated. The most interesting are genes, the detection of which is associated not only with thyroid cancer, but also with a more aggressive course of the disease. The ability to diagnose the molecular profile of minimally invasive methods with the study of freely circulating DNA tumor tissue in blood plasma is a modern trend of medicine.