THE IMPACT OF ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE VS. LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY ON THE INCIDENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Objective: To investigate the impact of Endotracheal tube (ETT) vs. Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia.

Methods: Key words searching from databases such as Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library provided 14 studies focusing on the use of EET vs.

The effect of adding functional classification to ASA status for predicting 30-day mortality.

Background: The functional capacity to perform the activities of daily living is identified as an independent predictor of perioperative mortality but is not formally incorporated in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Our primary objective was to assess whether functional capacity is an independent predictor of 30-day and long-term mortality in a general population and, if so, to define how it may formally be incorporated into the routine preoperative ASA classification assessment.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted using 1998 to 2009 data extracted from the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program of Western New York, a perioperative prospectively maintained database.

Horizontal and vertical reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxillary jaw using subantral augmentation and a novel tenting technique with bone from the lateral buccal wall.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using the lateral wall bone in sinus lifting two-dimensional reconstruction on bone augmentation.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients affected by class V or VI maxillary atrophy with less than 3 mm of residual horizontal ridge were selected. Using a piezo-ultrasonic surgery tip bony lateral wall was cut.

Mean platelet volume is a predictor of ST resolution following thrombolysis in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Larger mean platelets volumes (MPV) are thrombogenic and frequently seen after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to examine the association of MPV and resolution of ST-segment after thrombolysis in STEMI patients as and its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods: Patients presenting to the emergency department with the diagnosis of first STEMI and were referred to thrombolysis were screened.

Association between HbA1c levels with severity of coronary artery disease and short-term outcomes of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients.

Background: The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is directly related to the quality of glucose control in diabetic patients. Additionally, mortality after an acute coronary syndrome is higher in patients with diabetes and it correlates to the level of glucose control. However, the role of higher gluconated hemoglobin in the process of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction is unknown.

Adiponectin as serum biomarker of insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Objective: To examine the role of adiponectin as a biomarker of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Background: PCOS is associated with metabolic syndrome, which correlates to increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. Adiponectin is decreased in obese individuals.

The hippocampus and TNF: Common links between chronic pain and depression.

Major depression and chronic pain are significant health problems that seriously impact the quality of life of affected individuals. These diseases that individually are difficult to treat often co-exist, thereby compounding the patient's disability and impairment as well as the challenge of successful treatment. The development of efficacious treatments for these comorbid disorders requires a more comprehensive understanding of their linked associations through common neuromodulators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and various neurotransmitters, as well as common neuroanatomical pathways and structures, including the hippocampal brain region.

Platinum germanides for mid- and long-wave infrared plasmonics.

Platinum germanides (PtGe) were investigated for infrared plasmonic applications. Layers of Pt and Ge were deposited and annealed. X-ray diffraction identified PtGe(2) and Pt(2)Ge(3) phases, and x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy determined vertical atomic composition profiles for the films.

Association of ABO blood types with the risk of in-stent restenosis.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with various ABO blood types.

Methods: Clinical information from 150 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ISR and 150 patients with a diagnosis of patent coronary stents in the secondary angiography was collected. Comprehensive demographic and laboratory data, including ABO and Rhesus blood groups, as well as comorbid conditions and vessel and stent characteristics, were recorded for each patient.

Digital subtraction angiography versus real-time fluoroscopy for detection of intravascular penetration prior to epidural steroid injections: meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Background: Neurological injury is a rare but devastating complication of epidural steroid injections (ESIs) generally thought to arise from neurovascular compromise. The use of real-time fluoroscopy (RTF) with contrast media is the most common preventative measure taken to avoid intravascular penetration. In 2002, it was proposed that digital subtraction angiography (DSA) might be more useful than RTF.

The role of metformin on vitamin B12 deficiency: a meta-analysis review.

Metformin is the only biguanide oral hypoglycemic drug, that is used to treat patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. There are some reports of metformin being associated with decreased serum levels of vitamin B12 (VB12). The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the impact of metformin on the frequency of VB12 deficiency and serum levels of VB12.

The effect of acute kidney injury after revascularization on the development of chronic kidney disease and mortality in patients with chronic limb ischemia.

Objective: This study examined the effect of perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) on long-term kidney dysfunction and death after lower extremity revascularization. Perioperative AKI is commonly seen in the form of mild rises of serum creatinine after major cardiovascular surgeries. Its effect on long-term survival and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well established in cardiac surgery patients.

The validity of the VA surgical risk tool in predicting postoperative mortality among octogenarians.

Background: To examine the validity of Veterans Affair-VA risk assessment tool in predicting the perioperative and overall mortality among octogenarians.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective observational study, in which the clinical information of 1,618 octogenarians were extracted from the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. VA risk assessment tool and ASA classification were used to predict the probability of postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Asymmetric photonic resonances in GaN slab waveguide for mid infrared selective filters.

We demonstrate a spectrally selective reflector that exploits asymmetric photonic resonances of a 1D photonic crystal. The proposed spectrally selective reflector has a very simple structure - essentially just a single high-index slab of GaN, properly perforated, and supported by a transparent sapphire substrate. With the proper 1D array design, nearly 100% reflection is achieved with a narrow spectral width between 10 cm⁻¹ - 18 cm⁻¹, while the background reflection remains low across the entire mid-IR range.

Role of perioperative monitoring in diagnosis of massive intraoperative cardiopulmonary embolism.

Massive thrombotic intraoperative pulmonary emboli (IOPE) is rare but carries a great degree of morbidity and mortality. This is the first study to formally assess the utility of various tools for the diagnosis of these events and the impact of each tool on mortality. Due to both the infrequent occurrence of these events and the high mortality of massive IOPE, it was cost-prohibitive to prospectively randomize patients to study commonly used diagnostic tools.

Immune minimization strategies in renal transplantation.

Very low early rejection rates and excellent short-term kidney allograft outcomes have been the mainstay of forwarding the field of Kidney Transplantation in the last few decades. This progress is mainly achieved by using the current armamentarium of maintenance immunosuppression in different combinations and dosages of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), corticosteroids and antiproliferative drugs. Metabolic risks and nephrotoxicity of CNIs has led to a search for strategies to minimize their use.

The role of perioperative transfusion on long-term survival of veterans undergoing surgery.

Objective: To examine the influence of perioperative blood transfusions on perioperative outcomes and late survival.

Background: Perioperative blood transfusion has been reported to have a negative impact on perioperative morbidity but its long-term effect on survival is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative transfusion on perioperative outcomes and survival.

Role for endocytosis of a constitutively active GPCR (GPR185) in releasing vertebrate oocyte meiotic arrest.

Vertebrate oocytes are naturally arrested at prophase of meiosis I for sustained periods of time before resuming meiosis in a process called oocyte maturation that prepares the egg for fertilization. Members of the constitutively active GPR3/6/12 family of G-protein coupled receptors represent important mediators of meiotic arrest. In the frog oocyte the GPR3/12 homolog GPRx (renamed GPR185) has been shown to sustain meiotic arrest by increasing intracellular cAMP levels through GαSβγ.

A case of right atrial appendage aneurysm mimicking a pericardial cyst on echocardiogram.

Unlabelled: Right atrial appendage aneurysms (RAAAs) are rarely encountered. If symptomatic, they present with atrial arrhythmias or embolic events. Surgical resection is indicated for symptomatic patients.

Physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes used in oral surgery in comparison to autogenous bone.

Bone substitutes used in oral surgery include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials that are frequently used to compensate bone loss or to reinforce repaired bone, but little is currently known about their physicochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate a number of physical and chemical properties in a variety of granulated mineral-based biomaterials used in dentistry and to compare them with those of autogenous bone. Autogenous bone and eight commercial biomaterials of human, bovine, and synthetic origins were studied by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and laser diffraction to determine their chemical composition, calcium release concentration, crystallinity, and granulation size.

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25(OH)D, lipids and markers of insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

Background/aims: To determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], lipid profile and markers of insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 58 obese adolescents (n = 58; 12-18 years of age) received either vitamin D3 (2,000 IU/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Total 25(OH)D, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profile were measured at baseline and following supplementation.