The effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on information processing speed in children with intellectual disability.

Purpose: The speed of information processing is known to play an important role in mental disorders; This study investigated the effect of the transcranial direct current stimulation on information processing speed in children with intellectual disabilities.

Method: An experimental design with a pretest- posttest control group was used. The study population consisted of 8- to 14-year-old children with intellectual disabilities attending special primary schools in Urmia, Iran.

The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Reduction of Craving in Daily and Social Smokers.

Tobacco smoking is an addictive behavior with many psychological side effects, and many smokers are unable to quit it. Despite various treatments for smoking cessation, there is an urgent need to develop and utilize a noninvasive technique with high efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on reduction of craving in daily and social smokers.

The role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in predicting addiction relapse.

Background: Emotional conditions governing the family and patients' perceived social support play important roles in the treatment or relapse process of the chronic disease.

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in prediction of addiction relapse.

Patients And Methods: The descriptive-correlation method was used in the current study.

Relationships between self-efficacy, self-esteem and procrastination in undergraduate psychology students.

Objective: The present study aimed to review the relationships between procrastination and two self-factors self-efficacy and self-esteem.

Methods: Participants were 140 undergraduates Psychology students enrolled in Mohagheg Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran. Instruments used for collecting the required data were the student-version of the General Procrastination Scale (GP-S), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES).

The Relationship between Metacognition and Obsessive Beliefs, and Procrastination in Students of Tabriz and Mohaghegh Ardabili Universities, Iran.

Objective: The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between metacognition and obsessive beliefs, and procrastination.

Methods: 285 students of Tabriz and Mohaghegh Ardabili Universities, Iran, were selected by random sampling, and completed the metacognition (MCQ-30) questionnaire, obsessive beliefs questionnaire (OBQ-44), and General Procrastination Scale. The research method was descriptive.

The Role of Meta-cognition in Students' Addiction Potential Tendency.

Background: Addiction for narcotics is a dangerous reality, especially in teenagers and young persons, and is one of the most important socioeconomic and health problems, threatens the human society and leads to social stagnancy in various aspects.

Objectives: The present study aimed at determining Meta-cognitive relationship with addiction potential tendency in students and determining the distribution of each Meta-cognitive dimension in predicting addiction potential tendency.

Materials And Methods: The descriptive-correlative method was used for conducting this research.