Esophageal adenocarcinoma models: a closer look.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a subtype of esophageal cancer with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite advancements in tumor models, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving EAC pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Therefore, gaining insights into these mechanisms is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

SOX9 is regulated by AURKA in response to Helicobacter pylori infection via EIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) serves as a marker of stomach stem cells.

Targeting SMAD3 Improves Response to Oxaliplatin in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Models by Impeding DNA Repair.

Purpose: TGFβ signaling is implicated in the progression of most cancers, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Emerging evidence indicates that TGFβ signaling is a key factor in the development of resistance toward cancer therapy.

Experimental Design: In this study, we developed patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenograft models of EAC and performed bioinformatics analysis combined with functional genetics to investigate the role of SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) in EAC resistance to oxaliplatin.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 mediates activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 in gastric tumorigenesis.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the leading risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a member of transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors that are activated in cancer.

Multivalent tyrosine kinase inhibition promotes T cell recruitment to immune-desert gastric cancers by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via tumour-intrinsic IFN-γ signalling.

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in incidence and fourth for mortality worldwide. The response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in GC is heterogeneous due to tumour-intrinsic and acquired immunotherapy resistance. We developed an immunophenotype-based subtyping of human GC based on immune cells infiltration to develop a novel treatment option.

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung With Gastrointestinal Metastasis Causing Small Intestinal Obstruction: A Rare Case of Acute Surgical Emergency.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCA) are a rare subset of Non-Squamous-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), the most common pathological subtype of lung cancers which are the most common malignancy in the world. These rarest of rare tumours may have gastrointestinal metastasis and present as an acute abdominal surgical emergency with bowel obstruction or bleeding, as in our patient, who did not have a diagnosis of lung cancer till then. Use of novel immunohistochemistry markers like thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) may help diagnose the site of the primary tumour with accuracy in this clinical setting.

Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 by Helicobacter pylori via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 With a Feedforward Activation Loop Involving SRC Signaling in Gastric Cancer.

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGRFs) in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. This study investigated the molecular and mechanistic links between H pylori, inflammation, and FGFR4 in gastric cancer.

Helicobacter pylori-induced RASAL2 Through Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis via β-catenin Signaling Axis.

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer. RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is considered a double-edged sword in carcinogenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of RASAL2 in response to H pylori infection and gastric tumorigenesis.

NF-kB-dependent activation of STAT3 by H. pylori is suppressed by TFF1.

Background: H. pylori infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated H.

Activation of NRF2 by APE1/REF1 is redox-dependent in Barrett's related esophageal adenocarcinoma cells.

Background: Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major risk factor for the development of metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to acidic bile salts (ABS) in reflux conditions can be lethal to cells. In this study, we investigated the role of APE1/REF1 in regulating nuclear erythroid factor-like 2 (NRF2), the master antioxidant transcription factor, in response to reflux conditions.

Role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cadmium induced malignant transformation of normal prostate epithelial cells.

This study investigated the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in cadmium (Cd) induced malignant transformation of normal prostate epithelial (PWR1E and RWPE1) cells. Both PWR1E and RWPE1 cells were exposed to 10 μM Cd for one year and designated as Cd-PWR1E and Cd-RWPE1. Cd-RWPE1 cells robustly formed tumors in athymic nude mice.

LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1/miR-141/cyclin D network regulates tumor progression and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

The molecular heterogeneity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicates the therapeutic interventions for advanced metastatic disease and thus its management remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the role of the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 and miR-141-3p interactions in the progression and metastasis of kidney cancer. Human renal cancer cell lines (ACHN and Caki1), normal RPTEC cells, tissue cohorts, and a series of in vitro assays and in vivo mouse model were used for this study.

Activation of the Erk/MAPK signaling pathway is a driver for cadmium induced prostate cancer.

Purpose: Cadmium (Cd) is reported to be associated with carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms associated with Cd-induced prostate cancer (PCa) remain elusive.

Materials And Methods: RWPE1, PWR1E and DU 145 cells were used.

Activation of STAT3 signaling is mediated by TFF1 silencing in gastric neoplasia.

TFF1, a secreted protein, plays an essential role in keeping the integrity of gastric mucosa and its barrier function. Loss of TFF1 expression in the TFF1-knockout (KO) mouse leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a cascade of gastric lesions that include low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinomas. In this study, we demonstrate nuclear localization of p-STAT, with significant overexpression of several STAT3 target genes in gastric glands from the TFF1-KO mice.

Elevated miR-182-5p Associates with Renal Cancer Cell Mitotic Arrest through Diminished Expression.

The molecular heterogeneity of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) makes prediction of disease progression and therapeutic response difficult. Thus, this report investigates the functional significance, mechanisms of action, and clinical utility of miR-182-5p and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), in the regulation of kidney cancer using human kidney cancer tissues as well as and model systems. Profiling of miR-182-5p and in human renal cancer cells and clinical specimens was done by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

TFF1 antagonizes TIMP-1 mediated proliferative functions in gastric cancer.

Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) is one of four identified members of the TIMP family. We evaluated the role of TIMP1 in gastric cancer using human and mouse tissues along with gastric organoids and in vitro cell models. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we detected significant overexpression of TIMP1 in the human gastric cancer samples, as compared to normal stomach samples (P < 0.

MicroRNA-720 Regulates E-cadherin-αE-catenin Complex and Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma.

miRNAs are implicated in regulating cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we show that miR-720 is positively associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Elevated levels of miR-720 were observed in a panel of RCC cell lines and clinical tissues compared with nonmalignant cell line and normal samples.

Spontaneous gastric ulcer perforation and acute spleen infarction caused by invasive gastric and splenic mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is a rare life-threatening fungal infection mostly affecting immunocompromised hosts. The main categories of human disease with the Mucorales are sinusitis/rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous/subcutaneous, gastrointestinal and disseminated disease. Other disease states occur with a much lower frequency and include cystitis, vaginitis; external otitis and allergic disease.

Small bowel obstruction due to air-filled intragastric balloon.

Intragastric balloons have gained popularity in the management of morbid obesity. Although the procedure of insertion is easy and is generally accepted by patients, a few complications can occur. We report a case of small bowel obstruction caused by spontaneous deflation and forced passage of an air-filled intragastric balloon into the small bowel.

Nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation.

Background: There is still confusion and controversy over the diagnosis and optimal surgical treatment of non traumatic terminal ileal perforation-a cause of obscure peritonitis.

Methods: This study was a prospective study aimed at evaluating the clinical profile, etiology and optimal surgical management of patients with nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation.

Results: There were 79 cases of nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation; the causes for perforation were enteric fever(62%), nonspecific inflammation(26%), obstruction(6%), tuberculosis(4%) and radiation enteritis (1%).