Evaluating ChatGPT-4 for the Interpretation of Images from Several Diagnostic Techniques in Gastroenterology.

Several artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) have been commercially developed, with recent interest in integrating them for clinical questions. Recent versions now include image analysis capacity, but their performance in gastroenterology remains untested. This study assesses ChatGPT-4's performance in interpreting gastroenterology images.

Development of an automated artificial intelligence-based system for urogenital schistosomiasis diagnosis using digital image analysis techniques and a robotized microscope.

Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is estimated to affect 150 million people worldwide, with a high relevance in resource-poor settings of the African continent. The gold-standard diagnosis is still direct observation of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples by optical microscopy.

N-linked glycosylation of the M-protein variable region: glycoproteogenomics reveals a new layer of personalized complexity in multiple myeloma.

Objectives: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by a monoclonal expansion of plasma cells that secrete a characteristic M-protein. This M-protein is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring of MM in the blood of patients. Recent evidence has emerged suggesting that N-glycosylation of the M-protein variable (Fab) region contributes to M-protein pathogenicity, and that it is a risk factor for disease progression of plasma cell disorders.

: a novel automated system for malaria diagnosis by using artificial intelligence tools and a universal low-cost robotized microscope.

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with 247 million cases reported worldwide in 2021 according to the World Health Organization. Optical microscopy remains the gold standard technique for malaria diagnosis, however, it requires expertise, is time-consuming and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, new diagnostic techniques based on digital image analysis using artificial intelligence tools can improve diagnosis and help automate it.

Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is associated with a higher prevalence of HPV in the anorectal fistula tract. A comparative study.

Background & Aims: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is the main risk factor for anal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Whether this occurs due to a higher frequency of human papillomavirus remains unclear. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and high-risk HPV in patients with perianal Crohn's disease, compared with a control group.

Operationalizing and automating Data Governance.

The ability to cross data from multiple sources represents a competitive advantage for organizations. Yet, the governance of the data lifecycle, from the data sources into valuable insights, is largely performed in an ad-hoc or manual manner. This is specifically concerning in scenarios where tens or hundreds of continuously evolving data sources produce semi-structured data.

Advances and challenges in automated malaria diagnosis using digital microscopy imaging with artificial intelligence tools: A review.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus spp. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female mosquito. It is the most common disease in resource-poor settings, with 241 million malaria cases reported in 2020 according to the World Health Organization.

Is there a higher frequency of anal dysplasia and infection by human papillomavirus in Crohn's disease patients?

The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of dysplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the anal canal of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with a control group and assess whether there is a correlation between use of immunosuppressants and anal manifestation of CD. Patients with CD and control individuals were submitted to anal cytology and material collection for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytology was classified as normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade (HSIL).

Target deconvolution of HDAC pharmacopoeia reveals MBLAC2 as common off-target.

Drugs that target histone deacetylase (HDAC) entered the pharmacopoeia in the 2000s. However, some enigmatic phenotypes suggest off-target engagement. Here, we developed a quantitative chemical proteomics assay using immobilized HDAC inhibitors and mass spectrometry that we deployed to establish the target landscape of 53 drugs.

Search for Resistant Genotypes to Infection in Two Legume Species, and .

The dodders ( spp.) are parasitic plants that feed on the stems of their host plants. is one of the most damaging parasitic plants for the worldwide agricultural production of broad-leaved crops.

Resistance against in Bitter Vetch () Germplasm Based on Reduced Induction of Germination.

Bitter vetch ( (L.) Willd.) is a legume well adapted to cultivation in marginal areas, being an important source of protein for animal feed in low input cropping systems.

Identification of Germplasm Resistant to .

Bitter vetch ( L.) is an ancient grain legume used as animal feed in the Mediterranean basin. This legume has a large economical potential because of its high yield under low inputs and good protein content, as well as resistance to cold and drought.

Light-driven post-translational installation of reactive protein side chains.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) greatly expand the structures and functions of proteins in nature. Although synthetic protein functionalization strategies allow mimicry of PTMs, as well as formation of unnatural protein variants with diverse potential functions, including drug carrying, tracking, imaging and partner crosslinking, the range of functional groups that can be introduced remains limited. Here we describe the visible-light-driven installation of side chains at dehydroalanine residues in proteins through the formation of carbon-centred radicals that allow C-C bond formation in water.

Comparison between anal cytology, high-resolution anoscopy and HPV DNA genotyping by polymerase chain reaction in the post-treatment follow-up of condylomata acuminata.

Aim: to evaluate the presence of subclinical HPV-induced anal lesions with anal cytology, High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA) and HPV genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the follow-up of treated condylomata acuminata (CA).

Methods: seventy-nine male patients were included. One month after anal CA eradication, the patients underwent brush samples collection for anal cytology and PCR, and HRA with biopsy of acetowhite lesions.

Management of Intraoperative Crisis During Nonintubated Thoracic Surgery.

Nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery programs have gradually spread all over the world. The benefits are based on less invasiveness and earlier recovery. However, complications may appear.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy: a consensus report from the Uniportal VATS Interest Group (UVIG) of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS).

Objectives: Our goal was to report the results of the first consensus paper among international experts in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) lobectomy obtained through a Delphi process, the objective of which was to define and standardize the main procedural steps, optimize its indications and perioperative management and identify elements to assist in future training.

Methods: The 40 members of the working group were convened and organized on a voluntary basis by the Uniportal VATS Interest Group (UVIG) of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). An e-consensus finding exercise using the Delphi method was applied to require 75% agreement for reaching consensus on each question.

Synthetic post-translational modification of histones.

Chromatin is the physiological template of genetic information in all eukaryotic cells, a highly organised complex of DNA and histone proteins central in regulating gene expression and genome organisation. A multitude of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been discovered, providing a glance into the complex interplay of these epigenetic marks in cellular processes. In the last decade, synthetic and chemical biology techniques have emerged to study these modifications, including genetic code expansion, histone semisynthesis and post-translational chemical mutagenesis.

Local control of human papillomavirus infection after anal condylomata acuminata eradication.

Objective: To verify whether the eradication of anal condylomata acuminata was effective for local control of HPV infection using anal colposcopy and anal brush cytology.

Methods: We evaluated 147 patients treated for anal margin and/or anal canal condyloma, with 108 HIV-positive and 39 HIV-negative individuals. The average age for males was 40 years for HIV-positive and 27.

Genital warts: comparing clinical findings to dermatoscopic aspects, in vivo reflectance confocal features and histopathologic exam.

Genital warts can be diagnosed through physical examination and confirmed by histopathology. Noninvasive methods are useful for ruling out other diagnoses with no harm to the patient. In this study the clinical findings were compared to dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), and to histopathology findings, in order to determine possible patterns that can aid diagnosis of the lesion.

Evaluation of Langerhans cells counts comparing HIV-positive and negative anal squamous cell-carcinoma patients.

Purpose: To investigate the differences in Langerhans cells (LCs) populations between HIV-positive and negative anal squamous cell carcinomas patients.

Methods: Twenty five patients (14 HIV-positive and 11 HIV-negative) were evaluated. Paraffin-block transversal thin sections from biopsies of anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) were stained using the anti-CD1A antibody that identifies activated LCs.