Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Agents in Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled rials.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in preterm infants with low birth weight. The efficacy and safety of prophylactic agents, including vitamin A, propranolol and lipids, in reducing ROP incidence remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of these agents in preventing ROP.

Assessment of the systemic immune-inflammation index in type 2 diabetic patients with and without dry eye disease: A case-control study.

Background: The inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes progression, and the mechanism remains unclear. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker for type 2 diabetes patients and integrates multiple indicators in complete blood counts and routine blood tests.

Aim: Since there is no international diagnostic standard for dry eye disease (DED), this study uses low-cost inflammatory blood biomarkers to investigate the correlation between SII and DM2-DED and determine the diagnosis indices of other biomarkers in DM2-DED.

The Evaluation of Diabetic Patients' Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Complications in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Globally, 382 million people have diabetes mellitus, and 90% of these patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Saudi Arabia has the second-highest prevalence of diabetes among all Middle Eastern countries.

Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The traditional standard of care for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is glucocorticoid therapy, which is associated with many long-term side effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the traditional therapy to novel monoclonal antibodies (e.g.

The efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray for the management of dry eye signs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a persistently unstable tear film leading to ocular discomfort and is treated mainly with tear supplementation. There is emerging evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (e.g.

Public awareness about glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To identify the public level of knowledge about the common ophthalmological conditions in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for relevant literature. We included questionnaire-based cross-sectional studies performed in Saudi Arabia assessing the public awareness and attitude about general knowledge, causes/risk factors, signs/symptoms, disabilities/consequences, and relieving/management measures of the common ophthalmological conditions including glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Children Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Clinical Relevance: This study serves as a tool for optometrists and ophthalmologists to reinforce adherence to several preventive factors, which may decrease the incidence of myopia, and avoidance of risk factors by multiple means including education during hospital visits. It also provides insight into who should be screened and tailored screening programs for children.

Background: While studies assessing the prevalence of myopia in Saudi Arabia have contradicting results, only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors of myopia and the effect of using electronic devices on its occurrence.

Relationship Between Screen Time and Dry Eye Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Pediatric Population of the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Objective To measure the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and study the relationship between screen time and dry eye symptoms in the pediatric population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Methods In this descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, our survey included the pediatric population, ages 1 to 18 years, of both genders, who attended outpatient clinics of two main hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Collected data included age, gender, dry eye symptoms, and common DED risk factors, followed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, which consists of 12 items graded on a five-point scale (0 = never to 4 = all the time).

Amniotic membrane transplantation and conjunctival autograft combined with mitomycin C for the management of primary pterygium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease. Recurrence is the greatest concern in the treatment of pterygium. Thus, a standardized and effective treatment modality with minimal risk for complications is needed for the management of pterygium.

Bell's palsy in a patient after contracting COVID-19 with signs of aberrant nerve regeneration.

Purpose: To report a 56-year-old male in Saudi Arabia who developed signs of aberrant facial nerve regeneration after recovering from Bell's palsy associated with COVID-19 infection.

Observations: The patient presented, months following recovery from Bell's palsy associated with COVID-19, with symptoms of aberrant seventh nerve regeneration in the form of tearing with eating "crocodile tears" and synchronous right eyelid closure with the jaw movement.

Conclusions And Importance: Case reports of Bell's palsy associated with COVID-19 are emerging, but association does not mean causation.

Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Laser photocoagulation and/or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections constitute the current standard treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF monotherapy for ROP treatment using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases.