Aquaporins are major determinants of water use efficiency of rice plants in the field.

This study aimed at specifying the reasons of unbalanced water relations of rice in the field at midday which results in slowing down photosynthesis and reducing water use efficiency (WUE) in japonica and indica rice under well-watered and droughted conditions. Leaf relative water content (RWC) decreased in the well-watered plants at midday in the field, but more dramatically in the droughted indica (75.6 and 71.

Streptokinase may play role in expanding non-operative management of infected walled off pancreatic necrosis: preliminary results.

Goals And Background: We evaluated ex and in vivo effect of streptokinase on pancreatic necrosum to improve the success rate of pigtail catheter drainage and irrigation in infected walled off pancreatic necrosis using step up approach and also looked at potential risk of bleeding.

Experiment And Clinical Cases: 1000 IU/ml of streptokinase was added to 10 g. of intra-operatively obtained fresh tissue of peripancreatic necrosis and results compared to treatment with saline.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum: a poor candidate for neo-adjuvant chemoradiation?

Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) is a distinct pathological entity associated with poor outcome. Due to different biological behavior, the response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiation (NACRT) may be inferior compared to non-mucinous tumours. In this study we compare the pathological response of mucinous tumours after NACRT.

Dual-phase 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the characterization of pancreatic lesions: does it offer prognostic information?

Objective: The primary aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of dual-phase F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in the characterization of pancreatic masses. The secondary aim was to assess whether delayed imaging revealed any prognostic information.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients with periampullary or pancreatic masses on conventional imaging were included in this study.

Olfactory region schwannoma: Excision with preservation of olfaction.

Olfactory region schwannomas are rare, but when they occur, they commonly arise from the meningeal branches of the trigeminal nerve and may present without involvement of the olfaction. A 24 year old lady presented with hemifacial paraesthesias. Radiology revealed a large olfactory region enhancing lesion.

Esophageal duplication cyst in an adult masquerading as submucosal tumor.

Gastrointestinal duplications usually manifest in children and may involve the esophagus in 20% cases. Esophageal duplication cysts are a rare cause of dysphagia in adults. We report the case of a 35-year-old male who presented to us with progressive dysphagia of 6 months duration.

Histopathological classification of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and its impact on outcome.

Rapidly progressive renal failure is a common but severe feature of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. A histopathological classification for ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis was developed for prognostication of these patients. The present study aims to classify patients of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis according to this classification and its impact on outcome.

Tacrolimus therapy in adult-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis single-center experience.

Introduction: Management of adults with steroid-resistant (SR) nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a challenging task. Is tacrolimus (TAC) effective in this situation without serious adverse effects? This prospective study was done to answer this question.

Materials And Methods: In patients with SR nephrotic syndrome due to FSGS, oral TAC (0.

Three-dimensional imaging methods for quantitative analysis of facial soft tissues and skeletal morphology in patients with orofacial clefts: a systematic review.

Background: Current guidelines for evaluating cleft palate treatments are mostly based on two-dimensional (2D) evaluation, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods to assess treatment outcome are steadily rising.

Objective: To identify 3D imaging methods for quantitative assessment of soft tissue and skeletal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Data Sources: Literature was searched using PubMed (1948-2012), EMBASE (1980-2012), Scopus (2004-2012), Web of Science (1945-2012), and the Cochrane Library.

An analysis of transplant glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy in kidney transplant biopsies.

Glomerular diseases of the transplanted kidney are the most important cause of poor long- term outcome. The estimation of the magnitude of this problem and an elucidation of pathogenic mechanism is essential for improvement of graft survival. This study from the Indian subcontinent aims (i) to determine the incidence of transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in a large cohort of indicated renal transplant biopsies, (ii) to evaluate the histological and ultrastructural features of TG and TMA, and (iii) to assess the relationship between the two glomerular lesions.

Podocin and beta dystroglycan expression to study podocyte-podocyte and basement membrane matrix connections in adult protienuric states.

Background: Podocytes can be the primary site of injury or secondarily involved in various protienuric states. Cross talk between adjacent foot processes and with basement membrane is important for slit diaphragm function. Does expression of podocyte associated proteins in kidney biopsies alter with site/type of primary injury? Genetic mutations of podocin result in steroid resistant FSGS.

Nasolabial appearance after two palatoplasty types in cleft lip and palate.

Background: Facial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). There is conflicting evidence on how deficient maxillary growth may affect nasolabial esthetics.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated nasolabial appearance in two groups, the Langenback (35 children; mean age 11.

Spectrum of imaging findings on MDCT enterography in patients with small bowel tuberculosis.

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is the sixth most common extrapulmonary site of involvement. The sites of involvement in abdominal tuberculosis, in descending order of frequency, are lymph nodes, genitourinary tract, peritoneal cavity, and gastrointestinal tract. The radiological armamentarium for evaluating tuberculosis of the small bowel (SBTB) includes barium studies (small bowel follow-through, SBFT), CT (multidetector CT, CT enterography, and CT enteroclysis), ultrasound (sonoenteroclysis), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; enterography and enteroclysis).

Uncommon presentations of primary systemic necrotizing vasculitides: the Great Masquerades.

Introduction: Systemic vasculitides are great masqueraders and at times their presenting manifestations can be very different from the usual recognized patterns. Such uncommon presentations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis), classical polyarteritis nodosa and unclassifiable vasculitides are described here with the relevant review of literature.

Methods: All patients diagnosed as having systemic vasculitides and classified as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis), classic polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and unclassifiable vasculitis according to EMEA consensus methodology and followed up prospectively from June 2007 to December, 2011 were included.

Validation of the consensus methodology algorithm for the classification of systemic necrotizing vasculitis in Indian patients.

Aim: Many patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV) satisfy classification criteria of different disease entities when different classification systems are used. A new classification algorithm has been proposed recently by using the American College of Rheumatology criteria, Chapel Hill Consensus Criteria (CHCC) and Sorensen surrogate markers for a more uniform classification of patients suffering from these rare disorders.

Methods: We applied this algorithm to patients diagnosed as having systemic vasculitis between 2007 and 2011.

Disseminated coxsackievirus B fulminant myocarditis in an immunocompetent adult: a case report: case of disseminated coxsackievirus myocarditis.

Coxsackieviral myocarditis is associated with systemic involvement in neonates; however, fulminant coxsackieviral myocarditis is rare in adults, and its dissemination with fatal myocarditis involving kidneys, liver, and adrenal is further rarely reported. We report a case of fulminant myocarditis along with dissemination of coxsackievirus, which was clinically unrecognized.

An unusual cause of gross hematuria and renal dysfunction in a young male.

Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) is an uncommon disease with a peak incidence between the 5(th) and 6(th) decades of life. It is characterized by non-fibrillar, Congo red negative deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins in various organs, including in the kidneys. MIDD can be of three types depending on the composition of the deposits, and includes light chain deposition disease (LCDD), heavy chain deposition disease and light and heavy chain deposition disease, of which LCDD is the most common.

Volumetric changes of the nose and nasal airway 2 years after tooth-borne and bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion.

This study aimed to assess the effects of bone-borne and tooth-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on the volumes of the nose and nasal airway 2 yr after maxillary expansion. This prospective cohort study included 32 patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia. Expansion was performed with a tooth-borne distractor (Hyrax) in 19 patients and with a bone-borne distractor [transpalatal distractor (TPD)] in the remaining 13.

Spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders following renal transplantation in North India.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well-recognized, but uncommon complication of organ transplantation. This study was a retrospective analysis of 2000 patients who underwent renal transplantation over a period of 30 years (1980-2010). Forty malignancies were diagnosed in 36 patients.

Multiplex PCR for rapid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis.

Background: Rapid and specific diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) is of utmost importance.

Aim: To evaluate Multiplex PCR (MPCR) using MPB64 and IS6110 primers specific for M. tuberculosis for rapid diagnosis of GITB.