Pediatric oral pathology in Saudi Arabia: A 10-year retrospective study at an academic dental hospital.

Introduction: Pediatric oral pathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions affecting the oral cavity in children. In this study we conducted an analysis on a dataset from one academic center in Saudi Arabia to investigate the prevalence of various oral lesions in pediatric patients.

Methods: To conduct this study we analyzed oral pathology reports of pediatric patients (age range: 0-18 years) who underwent biopsies at our institution's oral pathology laboratory between January 2012 and December 2022.

Impact of worst pattern of invasion on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The relationship between the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact of the WPOI on the prognosis of OSCC.

Methods: Studies from six databases were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were analyzed using Stata software.

The value of a specialized second-opinion pathological diagnosis for oral and maxillofacial lesions.

Objectives: An error in the diagnosis of an oral or maxillofacial lesion could potentially be detrimental to a patient's prognosis and management. Major discrepancies between the initial and subsequent diagnoses of head and neck pathologies range from 7 to 53%. This study determined the rate of discrepancies found in the diagnoses of oral and maxillofacial lesions after a second opinion in Saudi Arabia.

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Their Prevalence and Association with Disease Severity.

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has impacted the world in an unprecedented way since December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 was found in the saliva of patients, and entry points for the virus may have been through the numerous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 could contribute to the burden of oral disease.

Pulpal and periapical tissue response after direct pulp capping with endosequence root repair material and low-level laser application.

Background: The study aims to investigate the pulp and periapical reaction and healing after capping with EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) combined with low-level laser application.

Methods: In 6 rabbits, pulps were exposed via class V, half of the samples received a low-level diode laser at 980 nm. Thereafter, cavities were capped with regular-set ERRM.

Why do students skip classroom lectures: A single dental school report.

Background: Conventional classroom lectures continue to represent a major component of the dental education system to ensure optimum delivery of knowledge. Certain number of students are less compliant and likely to skip classes which may impact the overall academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate dental students' attitude towards classroom attendance and potential reasons for absenteeism at King Abdulaziz University-Faculty of Dentistry (KAU-FD).

The application of teledentistry for Saudi patients' care: A national survey study.

Background/purpose: Teledentistry has emerged as a new communication tool in various dental disciplines around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability and reliability of teledentistry in the field of diagnostic dentistry and explore the perception of Saudi dentists of its benefits and concerns.

Materials And Methods: An electronic survey with 40 questions was developed, validated and distributed electronically by email and social media channels to dentists from different specialty in Saudi Arabia.

Medication-Induced Oral Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review.

Background: Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation is an oral condition that impacts patients' quality of life and has been linked to many systemic therapeutic agents. The exact pathogenesis of tissue pigmentation varies greatly and is not completely known. This systematic review aimed to present data on the causal association between medications and the development of oral/mucosal pigmentation as an adverse drug reaction.

Retraction notice to Plexin-B1 and Semaphorin 4D Cooperate to Promote Perineural Invasion in a RhoA/ROK-Dependent Manner Am J Pathol 180 (2012) 1232-1242.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

Retraction Note to: Semaphorin 4D cooperates with VEGF to promote angiogenesis and tumor progression.

The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1] following an investigation by the University of Maryland. The institution found that in Figures 1B and 1D, the cell lines are different and all published histograms show SEMA4D mRNA level whereas Excel data have two histograms showing SEMA4D expression and two histograms showing VEGF expression. In Figure 2B, the metadata for one image shows different treatment conditions than those reported in the article.

Correction to: Rho-mediated activation of PI(4)P5K and lipid second messengers is necessary for promotion of angiogenesis by Semaphorin 4D.

Figure 3c of this article originally contained standard deviation values which had not been calculated correctly. A single standard deviation value was used for all 5 time points for each condition.

Prevalence and policy of occupational violence against oral healthcare workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Occupational violence is considered unlawful in professional environments worldwide. In the healthcare industry, including dentistry, the safety of workers is essential, and it is of the utmost importance to ensure patient and employee safety and provide quality care. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of violence and associated workplace policies among oral healthcare professionals.

The Agreement Rate between Radiographic Interpretation and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions.

Background: To determine the agreement rate between histopathologic diagnosis and radiographic interpretation of jaw lesions.

Methods: Cases with jaw pathologies that have diagnostically adequate histopathologic samples and radiographic examinations were reviewed retrospectively. Two board-certified oral and maxillofacial pathologists (OMFP) independently determined the histopathologic diagnosis, while two board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMFR) determined the radiographic interpretations independently.

A retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial pathology lesions diagnosed at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMFL) comprise a broad spectrum of benign and malignant lesions that affect the oral cavity. However, few epidemiological studies have evaluated oral cavity lesions, and very few have focused on oral soft tissue pathology. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and distribution of OMFL that had been diagnosed histologically at the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University.

Histopathologic analysis of gingival lesions: A 20-year retrospective study at one academic dental center.

Background: The gingiva is part of the periodontium supporting structures surrounding the teeth and commonly involved in gingival and periodontal conditions. Assessing the distribution of gingival lesions is important for evaluating the prevalence of periodontal disease in the population to optimize the oral health care services. The purpose of this study is to report the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions biopsied from 1996-2016.

The use of oral and maxillofacial pathology services by general pathologists and their attitude towards it in Saudi Arabia.

To investigate the awareness and usage of oral and maxillofacial pathology (OMFP)  subspecialty services among pathologists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted an electronic questionnaire survey of pathologists in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted between July 2015 and August 2016.

Recruitment of Tiam1 to Semaphorin 4D Activates Rac and Enhances Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The semaphorins and the plexins are a family of large, cysteine-rich proteins originally identified as regulators of axon growth and lymphocyte activation that are now known to provide motility and positional information for a number of cell and tissue types. For example, our group and others have shown that some malignancies over express Semaphorin 4D (S4D), which acts through its receptor Plexin-B1 (PB1) on endothelial cells to attract blood vessels from the surrounding stroma for the purpose of supporting tumor growth. While plexins are the known functional receptors for the semaphorins, there is evidence that transmembrane semaphorins may transmit a signal themselves through their short cytoplasmic tail, a phenomenon known as 'reverse signaling.

Supraphysiological doses of performance enhancing anabolic-androgenic steroids exert direct toxic effects on neuron-like cells.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are lipophilic hormones often taken in excessive quantities by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and increase muscle mass. AAS exert well known toxic effects on specific cell and tissue types and organ systems. The attention that androgen abuse has received lately should be used as an opportunity to educate both athletes and the general population regarding their adverse effects.

Sialolipoma of the lower lip: case report and literature review.

Sialolipoma is a relatively rare and fairly recently described as a variant of lipoma with salivary elements. Any site within the oral and maxillofacial region may be involved with the parotid gland being the most common location. Herein, we present a case of silaolipoma in lower lip.

The hypoxia-inducible factor-responsive proteins semaphorin 4D and vascular endothelial growth factor promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Growth and metastasis of solid tumors requires induction of angiogenesis to ensure the delivery of oxygen, nutrients and growth factors to rapidly dividing transformed cells. Through either mutations, hypoxia generated by cytoreductive therapies, or when a malignancy outgrows its blood supply, tumor cells undergo a change from an avascular to a neovascular phenotype, a transition mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcriptional regulators. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one example of a gene whose transcription is stimulated by HIF.

Semaphorin 4D cooperates with VEGF to promote angiogenesis and tumor progression.

The semaphorins and plexins comprise a family of cysteine-rich proteins implicated in control of nerve growth and development and regulation of the immune response. Our group and others have found that Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) and its receptor, Plexin-B1, play an important role in tumor-induced angiogenesis, with some neoplasms producing SEMA4D in a manner analogous to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in order to attract Plexin-B1-expressing endothelial cells into the tumor for the purpose of promoting growth and vascularity. While anti-VEGF strategies have been the focus of most angiogenesis inhibition research, such treatment can lead to upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors that can compensate for the loss of VEGF, eventually leading to failure of therapy.

Plexin-B1 and semaphorin 4D cooperate to promote perineural invasion in a RhoA/ROK-dependent manner.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a tropism of tumor cells for nerve bundles located in the surrounding stroma. It is a pathological feature observed in certain tumors, referred to as neurotropic malignancies, that severely limits the ability to establish local control of disease and results in pain, recurrent growth, and distant metastases. Despite the importance of PNI as a prognostic indicator, its biological mechanisms are poorly understood.

Plexin-B1 activates NF-κB and IL-8 to promote a pro-angiogenic response in endothelial cells.

Background: The semaphorins and their receptors, the plexins, are proteins related to c-Met and the scatter factors that have been implicated in an expanding signal transduction network involving co-receptors, RhoA and Ras activation and deactivation, and phosphorylation events. Our previous work has demonstrated that Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) acts through its receptor, Plexin-B1, on endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis in a RhoA and Akt-dependent manner. Since NF-κB has been linked to promotion of angiogenesis and can be activated by Akt in some contexts, we wanted to examine NF-κB in Sema4D treated cells to determine if there was biological significance for the pro-angiogenic phenotype observed in endothelium.