A UK wide survey of general surgeons' experience of the primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries.

Aim: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are associated with devastating consequences, mainly faecal incontinence. A timely and correct repair is necessary to reduce the risk of maternal morbidity. The aim was to explore the experience and practice of on-call general surgeons in the acute repair of OASIs.

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of optic pathway in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To investigate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of optic pathway in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Patients And Methods: This study included 41 IIH patients and 22 controls. They underwent DTI of the optic nerve (ON) and optic radiation (OR).

Proposal of multimodal computed tomography-based scoring system in prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: The routinely used computed tomography (CT)-based workup in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) includes non-contrast brain CT, CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion. Several CT, CTA, CTP-based radiological biomarkers of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were reported.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the predictive value of the combined multimodal CT parameters for HT after AIS and proposal of predictive scoring scale.

The role of automated computed topography perfusion in prediction of hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: The role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in prediction of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) has been evolving. We aimed to study the role of automated perfusion post-processing software in prediction of HT using the commercially available RAPID software.

Methods: Two hundred eighty-two patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke, who underwent CTP with RAPID automated post-processing, were retrospectively enrolled and divided into HT ( = 91) and non-HT groups ( = 191).

Evaluation of stroke prognostication using age and NIH Stroke Scale index (SPAN-100 index) in delayed intravenous thrombolysis patients (beyond 4.5 hours).

Objectives: the efficacy of delayed intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), beyond the 4.5 h window, is evolving. Advanced age and high admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score are proposed to adversely affect the outcome of delayed thrombolysis and limit the inclusion criteria.

Impact of stress and hypertension on the cerebrovasculature.

Objectives: Both stress and hypertension (HTN) are considered major health problems that negatively impact the cerebral vasculature. In this article we summarize the possible relationship between stress and HTN.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using a database search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter, strain ratio, and shear wave elastography of the optic nerve in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: This study assessed the combined accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), strain ratio (SR), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the optic nerve (ON) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on both ONs of 34 consecutive patients diagnosed with IIH and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All of the study participants were women.

Effect of changes in optic nerve elasticity on central retinal artery blood flow in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose: To assess changes in central retinal artery (CRA) blood flow by orbital color-coded Doppler ultrasonography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and their relation with optic nerve (ON) elasticity assessed by shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: This study was carried out on 68 eyes of patients diagnosed with IIH and 32 eyes of healthy controls. The severity of papilledema in IIH patients was sub-classified into mild and moderate/severe groups.

The Relation Between Aortic Arch Branching Types and the Laterality of Cardio-Embolic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: The trajectory of cardiogenic emboli could be affected by anatomical and flow characteristics of the aortic arch. We aimed to study the relation between the different aortic arch patterns and the laterality of cardiogenic emboli.

Methods: 192 cardioembolic strokes were classified into 3 groups according to the type of the aortic arch; type 1 (n = 69), type 2 (n = 49), type 3 (n = 74).

Long term effects of corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis in terms of the "no evidence of disease activity" (NEDA) domains.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually is clinically characterized by multiple subacute relapses and remissions. The established therapeutic strategies include intravenous methylprednisolone (IV-MP) for treatment of relapses and immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatment to prevent new relapses and progression of disability. Despite not being one of the recommended immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments, monthly IV-MP is frequently seen in clinical practice especially in the low income developing countries.

Objective Assessment of Arterial Steal Phenomenon in Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Using 2D Parametric Parenchymal Blood Flow Analysis.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the hemodynamic changes and the parenchymal perfusion associated with carotid cavernous fistulas before and after embolization using two-dimensional (2D) parenchymal blood flow analysis. A 15-year-old boy presented with 2-month history of progressive right eye proptosis, chemosis, and diplopia after a motor vehicle accident. Intracranial liquid embolization using Onyx-18 through the inferior petrosal approach was done with balloon protection at the opening of the fistula in the internal carotid artery, resulting in complete occlusion of the fistula.

Software-based simulation for preprocedural assessment of braided stent sizing: a validation study.

Objective: The authors sought to validate the use of a software-based simulation for preassessment of braided self-expanding stents in the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 13 unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with braided self-expanding stents. Pre- and postprocedural angiographic studies were analyzed.

Enterobiasis-related inflammatory caecal polyp masquerading as a malignancy.

A 55 -year-old Asian man was seen in the emergency department with bleeding per rectum. He was a teetotaller and had no previous abdominal surgery. He did, however, report a change in bowel habit towards constipation.