Urinary Incontinence Affects the Quality of Life and Increases Psychological Distress and Low Self-Esteem.

Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women of reproductive age. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of urinary incontinence and the association with quality of life, psychological distress and self-esteem in Saudi women in the city of Riyadh. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers with Saudi women aged between 30 and 75 years.

Attitudes of Family Medicine Trainees Towards Patient-Centeredness Practice.

Objective: The interaction between physicians and patients is essential in clinical practice. Patient-centered care (PCC) is becoming popular in healthcare and provides an approach to deliver high-quality healthcare to yield positive clinical outcomes. This study explores family medicine residents' attitudes toward the physician-patient relationship and patient-centered care and the possible influence of demographic characteristics, level of training, school of graduation, and previous training.

How Do Medical Students Perceive Their Research Experiences and Associated Challenges?

Introduction: Undergraduate medical students' research experience is essential for their career progress. Understanding the perceived challenges undergraduate medical students face in conducting research can improve the research experience in the undergraduate curriculum. This study explores the medical students' perception of medical research and assesses their practices and perceived barriers encountered in carrying out medical research.

Assessing the Validity of Health Messages Used by the Saudi Public in WhatsApp.

Objective: WhatsApp is the most frequently used social media platform in Saudi Arabia. Inaccurate information could negatively impact public health. The number of studies worldwide investigating health-related misinformation in social media increased steadily, with limited data from Arabic-speaking communities.

Predictors of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Expectant Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Breastfeeding is beneficial for mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Saudi Arabia is considered one of the countries with the highest prevalence of GDM. Mothers with GDM have a low intention to breastfeed and are less likely to continue breastfeeding.

Physicians' religious/spiritual characteristics and their behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Background: Religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S) of physicians have been reported to inform behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice (R/S-B). Our aim was to study this association.

Methods: Building upon a large international data pool of physician values we performed network and systematic literature searches using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo.

Health professionals' attitudes toward religiosity and spirituality: a NERSH Data Pool based on 23 surveys from six continents.

Background In order to facilitate better international and cross-cultural comparisons of health professionals (HPs) attitudes towards Religiosity and/or Spirituality (R/S) using individual participant data meta-analysis we updated the NERSH Data Pool. Methods We performed both a network search, a citation search and systematic literature searches to find new surveys. Results We found six new surveys (N=1,068), and the complete data pool ended up comprising 7,323 observations, including 4,070 females and 3,253 males.

The Predictors of Moral Sensitivity Among Physicians.

Purpose: The continually advancing nature of health care has improved the quality of care provided to patients. However, it has also resulted in complex ethical issues healthcare providers face in Saudi Arabia. Literature concerning healthcare workers' moral sensitivity in Saudi Arabia is limited.

An oral combined contraceptive user with elevated D-dimer post COVID-19: a case report.

Background: This case discusses the challenges created by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in the area of hormonal contraception, highlighting the contraception knowledge gap for women in their post COVID-19 period, especially if they had high D-dimer levels.

Case Presentation: This case involves a thirty-eight-year-old woman taking combined oral contraception (desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets) with a history of varicose veins. She recovered from a COVID-19 infection in November 2020.

Exploring the predictors of depression among Saudi adolescents: Time for urgent firm actions.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of depression among Saudi adolescents and identify its correlates.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a multistage random technique that included students at the intermediate and secondary levels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used as a tool, in addition to a survey of the potential risk factors.

Determinants of Successful Exclusive Breastfeeding for Saudi Mothers: Social Acceptance Is a Unique Predictor.

Recent guidelines motivate health care professionals to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The reported rate of EBF is low in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to explore the determinants of successful exclusive breastfeeding for Saudi mothers.

Evaluation of Educational Workshops for Family Medicine Residents Using the Kirkpatrick Framework.

Background/objectives: Practicing independently in an ambulatory care setting demands mastering the knowledge and skills of commonly performed minor procedures. Educational hands-on activities are one way to ensure competent family medicine practitioners. This study aims to evaluate a minor procedure workshop for family medicine trainees using the Kirkpatrick model for short- and long-term workshop effectiveness and to identify facilitators and obstacles faced by the trainees during their practices to gain procedural skills.

The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire.

Objectives: To translate the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) into Arabic language, cross-culturally adapt and test its reliability and validity among Saudi pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnancy physical activity questionnaire, which consisted of 36 items, was translated to Arabic following the World Health Organization's guidelines for tool translation (forward translation, expert panel and back translation, pretesting and cognitive interviewing, and final version), followed by validation by experts. This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected from 118 healthy pregnant Saudi women from May to June 2019.

The International NERSH Data Pool of Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward Religiosity and Spirituality in 12 Countries.

The amount of research concerned with the values of health professionals (HPs) is steadily growing. Around the world HPs face similar challenges when patients express their existential and spiritual views. How HPs engage these views, and the degree of embedment into consultations, differ across cultures.

Comparing the use of Arabic decision aid to usual care. A multicenter randomized controlled trial for Arabic speaking metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of decision aids (DAs) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients in the Arabic language.

Methods: A multi-centered randomized control trial was used to evaluate the effect of Arabic DA use with usual care for mCRC patients compared to usual care alone. Patients were recruited from 4 main oncology centers in Saudi Arabia: King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh; King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh; King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; and King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between March 2016 and  October 2018.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among pregnant women: A case-control study.

Background: This cross-sectional case-control study aimed to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its correlates and severity among Arab (Saudi) pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics.

Methods: We interviewed 742 consecutive pregnant women attending antenatal clinics face-to-face using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. We assessed the severity of RLS using the IRLSSG severity scale for RLS (IRLS).

Religious values of physicians affect their clinical practice: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 7 countries.

Background: Observational studies indicate that religious values of physicians influence clinical practice. The aim of this study was to test prior hypotheses of prevalence of this influence using a meta-analysis design.

Methods: Based on a systematic literature search we performed individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) on data based on 2 preselected questionnaires.

The effect of smartphone usage at bedtime on sleep quality among Saudi non- medical staff at King Saud University Medical City.

Objective: This study's main objectives are to examine the prevalence of smartphone usage at bedtime and its effect on sleep quality among Saudi non-medical staff working in King Saud University medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out over the period from January 2016 to July 2016 A sample of 435 Saudi adults aged 21 years and above working in King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia participated in a self-reported Arabic questionnaire about bedtime usage of smartphone and sleep quality. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Attitudes and barriers toward the presence of husbands with their wives in the delivery room during childbirth in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the husbands' attitudes toward their presence with their wives during childbirth in the delivery room and to determine the barriers that prevent their presence.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Riyadh. Data were collected from a total of 250 husbands whom were selected randomly in the waiting areas of the delivery rooms and asked to participate in this study by filling a questionnaire after giving informed consent; data were collected during the period between December 2016 and April 2017.

Religious Values in Clinical Practice are Here to Stay.

Research to date has shown that health professionals often practice according to personal values, including values based on faith, and that these values impact medicine in multiple ways. While some influence of personal values are inevitable, awareness of values is important so as to sustain beneficial practice without conflicting with the values of the patient. Detecting when own personal values, whether based on a theistic or atheistic worldview, are at work, is a daily challenge in clinical practice.

Age and gender differences in the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency.

Unlabelled: Younger adults and males had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared to older participants and females. Low intake of milk, central obesity, and lack of use of vitamin D supplements were associated with vitamin D deficiency, highlighting potentially important avenues for preventive intervention.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern.

The prevalence extent of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use among Saudis.

There is worldwide interest in the use of CAM. Studying CAM in Saudi population is important as it will reflect the influence of psychosocial, cultural and religious factors on health beliefs and behaviors. The objective of this study was to present an updated review on the use of CAM practices in Saudi Arabia including commonly used types, common conditions for which it has been used and who uses CAM.

A systematic review of recent clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis, assessment and management of hypertension.

Background: Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), optimal hypertension control is not achieved in many parts of the world; one of the challenges is the volume of guidelines on this topic and their variable quality. To systematically review the quality, methodology, and consistency of recommendations of recently-developed national CPGs on the diagnosis, assessment and the management of hypertension.

Methodology/principal Findings: MEDLINE, EMBASE, guidelines' websites and Google were searched for CPGs written in English on the general management of hypertension in any clinical setting published between January 2006 and September 2011.

Observations of muslim physicians regarding the influence of religion on health and their clinical approach.

Although most patients report wanting their physicians to address the religious aspects of their lives, most physicians do not initiate questions concerning religion with their patients. Although religion plays a major role in every aspect of the life of a Muslim, most of the data on the role of religion in health have been conducted in populations that are predominantly non-Muslim. The objectives of this study were to assess Muslim physicians' beliefs and behaviours regarding religious discussions in clinical practice and to understand the factors that facilitate or impede discussion of religion in clinical settings.