Prevalence of preoperative anxiety among hospitalized patients in a developing country: a study of associated factors.

Background: Preoperative anxiety is a health concern among patients scheduled for surgical interventions. Little is known about the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients in different healthcare systems of developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery in Palestine.

Low-Dose Chest CT Protocols for Imaging COVID-19 Pneumonia: Technique Parameters and Radiation Dose.

Chest computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia during the pandemic. However, this raises concerns about excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. This study aimed to survey radiation doses in low-dose chest CT (LDCT) and ultra-low-dose chest CT (ULD) protocols used for imaging COVID-19 pneumonia relative to standard CT (STD) protocols so that the best possible practice and dose reduction techniques could be recommended.

Typical effective dose values from diagnostic and interventional radiology.

Effective dose (E) in medical procedures is of practical value for comparing doses from different types of procedures which is not possible with the different measurable dose quantities. In this survey we estimated and compared the values of E in 12 medical imaging procedures. The mean E for conventional X-ray in mSv were ranged between 0.

Congenital segmental tibial dysplasia and late onset pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia represents a continuum of dysplasia. Most cases develop pseudarthrosis during the first two years of life. Only a few cases with tibial dysplasia present after the age of two years, with or without pseudarthrosis.

NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS AND ACHIEVABLE DOSES FOR STANDARD CT EXAMINATIONS IN SUDAN.

Radiation doses were determined to propose national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) for computed tomography (CT) examinations in Sudan. Doses were estimated from retrospectively collected scan parameters for 1336 CT examinations of adult patients from 14 Sudanese hospitals using CT Expo 2.5 software.

PROPOSED NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC X-RAY PROCEDURES IN SUDAN.

This study aimed to calculate patient radiation doses for adults during the seven most commonly performed conventional X-ray procedures, and to propose national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). A representative sample of patients from 29 hospitals was included. The entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) was calculated by measuring X-ray tube output and the corresponding technical and exposure factors for each patient.

PEDIATRIC RADIATION DOSE DURING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION PROCEDURES IN SUDAN.

Children are more radio sensitive than adult. This study aims to assess radiation doses and the associated hazards to pediatric during cardiac catheterization procedures. Radiation dose for 112 patients was estimated in the biggest cardiac center in Sudan.

Examination frequency and population dose from medical X-ray examinations in Sudan in 2010.

This study was performed to estimate examination frequency and collective and per caput effective doses arising from medical X-ray procedures in Sudan, 2010. Information was collected from 30 hospitals performing radiography, computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy and interventional radiology (IR) procedures. The estimated annual number of examinations was 33 million radiographic X-ray procedures (99 %), 0.

IAEA survey of paediatric computed tomography practice in 40 countries in Asia, Europe, Latin America and Africa: procedures and protocols.

Objective: To survey procedures and protocols in paediatric computed tomography (CT) in 40 less resourced countries.

Methods: Under a project of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 146 CT facilities in 40 countries of Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America responded to an electronic survey of CT technology, exposure parameters, CT protocols and doses.

Results: Modern MDCT systems are available in 77 % of the facilities surveyed with dedicated paediatric CT protocols available in 94 %.

Patient doses in interventional cardiology procedures in Sudan.

Radiation doses delivered to 461 patients were measured during the period of 12 months in a hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Kerma Area Product, Cumulative Kerma and fluoroscopy time were registered during four selected procedures, namely coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) and pacemaker. For CA, PTCA, PTMC and pacemaker the mean and median kerma area product values in gray centimeter square were found to be (20, 17.

Equipment performance and radiation protection status in X-ray fluoroscopy units in Sudan.

The number of fluoroscopy and fluoroscopically guided procedures has been substantially growing in developing countries at the same time advanced and sophisticated equipment are used in some hospitals. However, radiation protection requirements are not necessarily well adopted. In this study nine fluoroscopy X-ray units in Sudan were examined for compliance with international standards.

Survey of computed tomography technique and radiation dose in Sudanese hospitals.

The purpose of this study was to survey technique and radiation absorbed dose in CT examinations of adult in Sudan and to compare the results with the reference dose levels. Questionnaire forms were completed in nine hospitals and a sample of 445 CT examinations in patients. Information on patient, procedure, scanner, and technique for common CT examinations were collected.

Radiation exposure to patients during interventional procedures in 20 countries: initial IAEA project results.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the level of radiation protection of patients and staff during interventional procedures in 20 countries of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Subjects And Methods: In a multinational prospective study, information on radiation protection tools, peak skin dose (PSD), and kerma-area product (KAP) was provided by 55 hospitals in 20 mainly developing countries (nine mostly in Eastern Europe, five in Africa, and six in Asia).

Results: Nearly 40% of the interventional rooms had an annual workload of more than 2,000 patients.

Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: initial results from IAEA projects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey image quality and the entrance surface air kerma for patients in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with diagnostic reference levels.

Subjects And Methods: In this multinational prospective study, image quality and patient radiation doses were surveyed in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, covering 45 hospitals. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image quality grade were noted, and causes for poor image quality were investigated.