Thyroid Cancer Risk Factors in Children with Thyroid Nodules: A One-Center Study.

Thyroid nodules are common in the adult population (13%), but in childhood, they are relatively rarely diagnosed (0.2-5%). The risk factors and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are well-known and effectively used in adults, but no clear procedures supported by scientific research are available in the pediatric population.

Ultrasound evaluation of long-term outcome in boys operated on due to testicular torsion.

We aimed at verifying the usefulness of spectral Doppler ultrasonography in determining development of the testis after torsion in boys.The study involved 28 patients and 30 control cases divided into 3 developmental groups: pre-pubertal, early pubertal, and pubertal. It presented surgical management in testicular torsion (TT), volume, and echogenicity of testes, as well as peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and vascular resistance index (RI) in the capsular and intra-testicular arteries, regarding developmental groups, detorsed testes, uninvolved ones, and testes in the control group.

Testicular torsion: its effect on autoimmunisation, pituitary-testis axis and correlation with primary gonadal dysfunction in boys.

Background: Torsion of the testis is an urgent surgical condition that endangers the viability of the gonad and the fertility of the patient. Our aim was to assess potential autoimmune processes and hormonal abnormalities in boys operated on due to that illness.

Methods: The authors evaluated the levels of antibodies against sperm and Leydig cells, concentrations of follicle-stimulating, luteinizing and anti-Müllerian hormone, testosterone, oestradiol and vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum in 28 boys operated on due to torsion of the testis.

Testicular Sonographic Color Doppler Dynamic Tissue Perfusion Measurements in Adolescents with Varicocele.

Aim: The aim of the study was an assessment of the effects of varicocele on testis parenchyma and microcirculation with the use of the dynamic tissue perfusion measurements.

Methods: Color Doppler sonographic dynamic testis parenchyma perfusion measurements were performed with Pixel-Flux software in 30 children with left testis varicocele. The right testes without varicocele comprised the control group.

Prognostic values of shear wave elastography in adolescent boys with varicocele.

Introduction: Shear wave elastography is an ultrasound technique for non-invasive quantification of tissue stiffness. It was used in assessing testis elasticity in some scrotal abnormalities, such as undescended pediatric testes or adult varicocele testes. In this study, its usefulness in adolescent patients with varicocele was examined.

Nuck Canal Hernias, Typical and Unusual Ultrasound Findings.

Background: Inguinal hernia in girls is a very rare condition. The cause of this pathology is incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum, in girls named the canal of Nuck. Failed obliteration of this canal could result in hernia or hydrocele.

The use of testicular prostheses in boys.

Lack of the testis is an important factor in psycho-sexual development of the boys, and implantation of the prosthesis plays a very essential role in the treatment of that group of patients. Currently there are no standards regarding when prosthesis should be implanted, and which access is connected with minimal rates of complications. We present our experience of primary prosthesis implantations in boys treated in our department.

Treatment of impalpable testis - one clinic's experience.

Introduction: Undescended testes are recognised in 1% to 2% of boys during the first year of life, and about 20% of them are impalpable. Ultrasonography (US) may establish the localisation of the testis but the final diagnosis is usually determined laparoscopically.

Aim: To evaluate long-term results of laparoscopic treatment of boys with impalpable testes and sensitivity of preoperative ultrasound.

The role of ultrasound in the management of undescended testes before and after orchidopexy - an update.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular volume and structure using ultrasound (US) before and up to 3 years after orchidopexy in children with different age.A total of 128 patients underwent orchidopexy for undescended testes. Afterwards, patients were invited for annual follow-up and control scrotal US.

A new CO2 laser technique for the treatment of pediatric hypertrophic burn scars: An observational study.

Treatment of hypertrophic scars arising as a result of thermal burns in children is still a big problem. The results of the treatment are not satisfactory for patients and parents, and new methods of treatment are still investigated.We present the use of one of the most modern carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers (Lumenis Encore laser equipped with a Synergistic Coagulation and Ablation for Advanced Resurfacing module) in the treatment of hypertrophic scars in children after burns.

Closure of the thoracic duct from the left-side access: A case report.

Background: We report a 16-year-old patient with a massive left-sided chylothorax after chemotherapy due to mixed germinal tumor of the testis with massive metastases located in the retroperitoneal space and posterior mediastinum. Chemotherapy resolved the metastases in the mediastinum but evoked a huge pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity, requiring surgical intervention.Left-sided access was used.

Color Doppler dynamic tissue perfusion measurement: a novel tool in the assessment of renal parenchymal perfusion in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) occurs in 20-50% of children suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is associated with an increased risk of renal scarring and impaired renal function. Early detection of renal perfusion deterioration would allow for the implementation of more aggressive treatment and potentially prevent further damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of the study was to assess renal parenchymal perfusions in children with recurrent UTIs with and without coexisting VUR, and compare the findings with the results of healthy patients.

Esophageal Duplication Cyst Treated Thoracoscopically During the Neonatal Period: Clinical Case Report.

Esophageal duplication cysts (EDCs) are rare developmental anomalies. They may occur anywhere along the esophagus with the predominant location in the thoracic segment. Presently, most are diagnosed prenatally or in early childhood.

Two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional static (3D) and real-time (4D) contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) versus voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Two-dimensional (2DUS) contrast enhanced voiding urosonography has been used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the vesicoureteral reflux in children for over 15 years. The opportunity of performing this examination with the use of three-dimensional static (3DUS) and real-time (4DUS) techniques opens up new diagnostic horizons.

Objective: To analyze if 3DUS/4DUS bring additional information leading to an increased detection rate or change in the grading of reflux compared to 2DUS and voiding cystouretrography.

Rectal duplication with sciatic hernia.

Rectal duplications represent 5% of all duplications in the alimentary tract, and they are very rarely diagnosed during the neonatal period. The authors present the method of investigation and the results of surgical treatment of a full-term neonate with a sciatic hernia containing a rectal duplication. The procedure started with three-port laparoscopy, but excision of the tubular duplication of the rectum was possible only by a transanal endorectal pull-through approach.

Central Pancreatectomy as a Good Solution in Frantz Tumor Resection: A Case Report.

Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas located in the head or body are a challenging clinical problem because they usually demand extensive surgical procedures, and in most reported cases pancreaticoduodenectomy is the operation of choice in such a location. An alternative method of surgery in precisely selected patients is a procedure known as central pancreatectomy. The authors present the case of a 13-year-old girl with a 5 cm tumor located in the body of the pancreas.

Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with a distal fistula - lessons from the first 10 operations.

Introduction: Thoracoscopic esophageal atresia (EA) repair was first performed in 1999, but still the technique is treated as one of the most complex pediatric surgical procedures.

Aim: The study presents a single-center experience and learning curve of thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal (distal) fistula.

Material And Methods: From 2012 to 2014, 10 consecutive patients with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula were treated thoracoscopically in our center.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in a 5-year-old child - a case report and review of the literature.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is an uncommon tumour of intermediate malignant potential. Its aetiology is still unclear. It occurs predominantly in children and young adults.

Intraoperative contrast-enhanced urosonography during endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Background: There are many controversies surrounding the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment of vesicouretheral reflux (VUR) in children, thus it is of highest priority to analyze factors influencing the outcome of therapy and to search for new methods that would increase the success rate and reduce the number of reinjections.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze whether intraoperative contrast-enhanced urosonography (ce-US) may increase the effectiveness of endoscopic anti-reflux therapy.

Materials And Methods: Intraoperative contrast-enhanced urosonography (ce-US) with SonoVue® was performed in 17 patients (25 ureteral units) undergoing endoscopic treatment of VUR.

2D/3D/4D contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children - can it replace voiding cystourethrography?

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux appears in 20-50% of pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. The most common method of diagnosing this disease is voiding cystourethrography. However, contemporary pediatric radiology does not favor this method due to exposure to X-radiation.

Kidney transplantation in children with bladder augmentation or ileal conduit diversion.

Introduction: Various congenital and acquired diseases of the lower urinary tract can lead to chronic renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess problems and results of kidney transplantation in children with significant lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Between 1984 and 2007, there were 33 kidney transplantations in children with end-stage renal disease and severe lower tract dysfunction out of 539 kidney transplantations performed in our department.

Non-resectable hepatic tumors in children - role of liver transplantation.

Background: There is a group of children with primary hepatic tumors which can not be resected by conventional partial liver resection. Total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation may be the only solution in such cases. Authors reviewed own experience with the liver transplantation for unresectable tumors in children and assessed the possible indications and role of transplantation in these patients.

Aspergillosis in children after liver transplantation: Single center experience.

Aspergillus infection in immunocompromised patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively reviewed cases of Aspergillosis (A), in a series of 277 children who received LTx between 1990 and 2006. All children were given antifungal prophylaxis after transplantation.

[Living related liver transplantation - analysis of the first 102 cases].

The Aim: of the study was to analyse the first 102 living-related liver transplantations performed in Poland at the Children's Memorial Health Institute.

Material: between November 1999 and January 2007 102 living-related liver transplantations were carried out in 101 patients. In 63 the patients the indication for liver transplantation was biliary atresia, in 7 - intrahepatic cholestasis, in 11 - acute liver failure, in 9 - hepatic tumour, in two - graft insufficiency.

[Focal nodular hyperplasia - own experiences].

Introduction: focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign tumour of the liver, often discovered incidentally. It occurs mainly in women between 25-44 years old. Though it is rarefy reported in children the evidence has been growing in the recent years.