New Onset Diabetes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Does Not Correlate With Molecular Subtype.

Background And Objectives: Studies show that new onset diabetes mellitus (DM) (NOD) predates the diagnosis of PDAC by up to 2 years. Two tumor-intrinsic molecular subtypes of PDAC that are prognostic and predictive of chemotherapy response have been described and validated. We hypothesize that patients with NOD may have different molecular subtypes and prognoses.

Characterization of metal tolerance and accumulation in Grevillea exul var exul.

Grevillea exul var exul (Proteaceae), a tree species native to serpentine soils in New Caledonia, is a reported manganese accumulator. Since the metal tolerance of this species remains unknown, its growth and metal accumulation were studied for seven heavy metals under controlled conditions. Brassica juncea, a popular species for metal phytoremediation, was used as a reference.

Rice anther culture: callus initiation and androclonal variation in progenies of regenerated plants.

Anthers from rice (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies japonica initiated more callus than their indica or indica x japonica counterparts. A mild stress, either by slow desiccation or heat shock, prior to the plating of anthers enhanced the ability to initiate callus.

Multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) expression in human brain tumors.

Multidrug resistance for many types of cancer outside the central nervous system (CNS) has been found to be due to the overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, of which the gene-product P-glycoprotein acts as a membrane-bound efflux pump for many anticancer drugs. To examine whether brain tumors overexpress the MDR1 gene, 25 brain-tumor specimens were subjected to Northern blot analysis: 10 gliomas, eight meningiomas, three schwannomas, one malignant lymphoma, and three tumors metastatic to the brain. Ten fresh-frozen autopsy specimens of various parts of normal brain were also analyzed.

Somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes.

Somaclones regenerated from three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Glennson, Pavon and PAK-16171 were evaluated for variation in agronomic and morphological characters. Calli were initiated from germinating seeds on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium plus 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2% sucrose and 1% agar.

Ruptured S1-S2 disc presenting with S2 radiculopathy.

We report the case of a 61-year-old man in whom numbness developed on the right side of the penis, scrotum, and perineum after he jumped into a swimming pool. Magnetic resonance imaging and a computed tomographic scan disclosed a lesion at S1-S2 impinging on the right S2 nerve root. At surgery, ruptured disc material originating in an area normally occupied by the fixed fibrocartilaginous plate was identified and excised.

Regeneration from long-term cell suspension cultures of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius).

Plant regeneration has been achieved from long-term cell suspension cultures established from leaf derived callus of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius). The proportion of densely cytoplasmic cells in suspension culture increased when cultured in the L-6 medium with 54 μM NAA and 2 μM KN. Filtration of the cells at each of five consecutive subcultures resulted in the isolation of a plant regenerating cell line (TB 686), which is being maintained in L-6 medium with 4.

Plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Vigna aconitifolia.

Plant regeneration has been achieved routinely from established cell suspension culture lines of Vigna aconitifolia (moth bean), a highly drought tolerant grain legume. The cultures originated from three-week-old leaf callus. Several media including MS, B5, AA, SL, PCM, SH and L-6 were tested for their effects on cell growth.

Updated assessment and current classification of spinal meningeal cysts.

The classification of spinal meningeal cysts (MC's) in the literature is indistinct, confusing, and in certain categories histologically misleading. Based on a series of 22 cases, the authors propose a classification comprising three categories: spinal extradural MC's without spinal nerve root fibers (Type I); spinal extradural MC's with spinal nerve root fibers (Type II); and spinal intradural MC's (Type III). Although water-soluble myelography may disclose a filling defect for all three categories, computerized tomographic myelography (CTM) is essential to reveal communication between the cyst and the subarachnoid space.

Delayed postoperative dural arteriovenous malformations. Report of two cases.

The authors present two cases of dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) that developed at the site of previous suboccipital craniectomies. No other cases of delayed postoperative dural AVM's have been reported. Congenital and acquired dural AVM's are discussed, with reference to the similarity between postoperative dural AVM's and traumatic dural AVM's.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of soybean, Glycine max L.

During induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos of soybean, a smooth-shiny and a rough callus were obtained. The smooth-shiny type developed from callus derived from cotyledonary tissue and cultured on media containing 10 mg/l 2,4-D. The rough type was derived from immature embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyls and hypocotyl segments from germinated seedlings on a medium containing various growth regulators.

Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from callus cultures of sweet sorghum.

Tissue culture methods were developed for the induction, maintenance, and regeneration of embryogenic callus in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars Keller, Rio, and Wray. No significant differences were observed in production of embryogenic callus in cultures established from developmentally immature or mature embryo explants cultured on LS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mg/1 kinetin.

Reactivation of herpesvirus in neurosurgical patients.

The authors are presenting seven patients who had operations between July 1984 and July 1985 and who developed herpes infections postoperatively. Four of the patients developed their infections in a dermatomal distribution that correlated with the nerve roots manipulated at operation. A spectrum of localized herpes reactivation is demonstrated in this series.

Identification of a retained surgical sponge using magnetic resonance imaging.

We report a patient who had a spinal abscess due to a retained surgical sponge. Through the use of magnetic resonance imaging, the sponge was identified. Postoperative foreign body complications are discussed.

Spontaneous migration of a bullet in the spinal subarachnoid space causing delayed radicular symptoms.

The authors report a case of a gunshot wound to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen in a patient who initially was neurologically intact. The bullet had lodged at the T-11, T-12 level in the spinal canal. After an exploratory laparotomy, the patient developed severe low back pain radiating to his left lower extremity and an incomplete footdrop.

Selective conventional arteriography and computed tomography with and without contrast infusion: minimal requirements for the assessment of transient ischemic attacks.

The authors report two unusual cases referred for extracranial bypass surgery. These patients presented with symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and demonstrated the necessity of conventional selective angiography and computed tomography (CT), with and without contrast infusion, as part of the preoperative assessment. The authors discuss how digital subtraction angiography alone is inadequate and how CT without contrast enhancement may fail to visualize lesions that may exhibit TIA-like symptoms.

Intracranial and otological presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

The authors report a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in hematological remission who presented with both intracranial and otological manifestations of the disease. The patient presented with clinical symptoms and computed tomographic findings consistent with otomastoiditis and a contiguous brain abscess. However, both lesions were identified at operation as leukemic infiltrates.

A model of mutant selection in plant suspension cultures.

In plant cell suspension cultures, the fastest growing cell type will eventually dominate the culture. This selection process is often proposed as the mechanism by which cultures become habituated to stressful conditions. Equations which model the selection hypothesis predict a sinusoidal transition from sensitive to tolerant cells.

Tryptophan enhancement of somatic embryogenesis in rice.

Cereal embryos can produce two types of callus. One type, termed "embryogenic," consists of small meristematic-like cells and gives rise to many plants by somatic embryogenesis if placed on a suitable regeneration medium. The other is termed "nonembryogenic" and consists of long tubular cells which gives rise to few or no plants.

Long-duration, high-frequency plant regeneration from cereal tissue cultures.

By visual examination of calli derived from germinating seeds of wheat, oats, rice, proso millet, and pearl millet it has been possible to visually select embryogenic (E) callus which, on transfer to a regeneration medium, forms plants an average of 33 times more frequently than non-embryogenic (NE) callus of equal mass. Embryogenic callus consists of small isodiametric cells averaging 31 μm in diameter; NE callus consists of long tubular cells averaging 52 μm in width and 355 μm in length. Production of E callus is in many cases promoted by media containing 2,4-di- or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D or 2,4,5-T) plus indole-3-acetic acid or tryptophan+kinetin.

Growth, water content, and solute accumulation of two tobacco cell lines cultured on sodium chloride, dextran, and polyethylene glycol.

Simulated drought tolerance was compared for an NaCl-adapted and a nonadapted cell line of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsum) to determine the relationship of salt and drought tolerances. The osmotic adjustment and growth of these two lines was followed when cultured on solid media which contained isosmotic concentrations of NaCl, KCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or dextran.

Growth physics and water relations of red-light-induced germination in lettuce seeds : V. Promotion of elengation in the embryonic axes by gibberellins and phytochrome.

Red light (R) and gibberellins (GA) each induce a water potential decrease in the axes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) embryos resulting in germination of intact "seeds" (achenes) or an increase in growth of the axes of isolated embryos. The fruit coat and endosperm are a substantial barrier to the penetration of exogeneous GA.

Osmotic Adjustment of Cultured Tobacco Cells (Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsum) Grown on Sodium Chloride.

Tobacco cell cultures (var. Samsum) were grown on increasing levels of NaCl to select variants for increased salt tolerance. The osmotic adjustment of NaCl-adapted and nonadapted cell lines was studied.