Diagnostic Performance of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Calcified Equivocal Breast Findings: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of MRI for diagnosis of breast cancer in non-calcified equivocal breast findings.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed from 01/01/1986 until 06/15/2015. Eligible were studies applying dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI as an adjunct to conventional imaging (mammography, ultrasound) to clarify equivocal findings without microcalcifications.

PET-CT in Staging, Response Evaluation, and Surveillance of Lymphoma.

Lymphoma represents a broad spectrum of diseases with diverse biology, clinical behavior, and imaging features. Functional imaging with 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) is widely recognized as the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for patients with lymphoma and is used as part of staging, response evaluation, and surveillance in patients with Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Recent efforts at standardizing the conduct and consensus interpretation of PET-CT have facilitated its use in patients on clinical studies and beyond.

Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Hodgkin lymphoma's (HL) tumor composition is characterized by a paucity of malignant cells and a preponderance of immune and stromal cells. Despite the rich immune milieu within the tumor microenvironment, malignant cells are able to effectively evade the immune system and use immune support to promote lymphoma cell growth and proliferation. Recognizing this has led to the identification of checkpoint inhibitory signals that enable immune evasion and to opening the door to therapeutic strategies on how to exploit the immune system in targeting tumor cells.

C-Reactive Protein Is an Important Biomarker for Prognosis Tumor Recurrence and Treatment Response in Adult Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: A systematic literature review was done to determine the relationship between elevated CRP and prognosis in people with solid tumors. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a serum acute phase reactant and a well-established inflammatory marker. We also examined the role of CRP to predict treatment response and tumor recurrence.

Adult systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: recommendations for diagnosis and management.

Systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (sALCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of relatively rare T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) characterized by CD30 expression and other unifying pathologic features. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions are present in about 50% of cases. Pathological diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in ALK-negative cases.

Cancer Bioinformatic Methods to Infer Meaningful Data From Small-Size Cohorts.

Whole-genome analyses have uncovered that most cancer-relevant genes cluster into 12 signaling pathways. Knowledge of the signaling pathways and associated gene signatures not only allows us to understand the mechanisms of oncogenesis inherent to specific cancers but also provides us with drug targets, molecular diagnostic and prognosis factors, as well as biomarkers for patient risk stratification and treatment. Publicly available genomic data sets constitute a wealth of gene mining opportunities for hypothesis generation and testing.

Animal models of the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome.

Background And Aims: Cancer cachexia, a complex wasting syndrome, is common in palliative medicine. Animal models expand our understanding of its mechanisms. A review of cancer cachexia and anorexia animal models will help investigators make an informed choice of the study model.

Cytokines and cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome.

Cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome is frequent yet still a not well understood cancer-related problem. The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia is multifactorial. It is suggested to be the result of tumor-host interactions and studies of the disturbances seen during cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome, such as anorexia, hyper-metabolism, tissue wasting, metabolic abnormalities, and hormonal changes, all point to the involvement in one way or another of one key factor: cytokines.

Phorbol ester-induced apoptosis of C4-2 cells requires both a unique and a redundant protein kinase C signaling pathway.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) potently induces apoptosis of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that C4-2 cells, androgen-hypersensitive derivatives of LNCaP cells, also are sensitive to PMA-induced apoptosis. Previous reports have implicated activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes alpha and delta in PMA-induced LNCaP apoptosis using overexpression, pharmacological inhibitors, and dominant-negative constructs, but have left unresolved if other isozymes are involved, if there are separate requirements for individual PKC isozymes, or if there is redundancy.