Delirium and depression in cardiac surgery: A comprehensive review of risk factors, pathophysiology, and management.

Background: Mental health and wellbeing continue to gain more attention as they are inextricably associated with clinical outcomes, particularly quality of life. Many medical ailments and major surgeries affect patients' mental health, including depression and delirium.

Aims: The objective of this manuscript was to comprehensively review and critically examine the literature pertaining to cardiac surgery, depression, and delirium.

Development of vascular regulation in the zebrafish embryo.

The thin endothelial wall of a newly formed vessel is under enormous stress at the onset of blood flow, rapidly acquiring support from mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells; vSMCs) during development. Mural cells then develop vasoactivity (contraction and relaxation) but we have little information as to when this first develops or the extent to which pericytes and vSMCs contribute. For the first time, we determine the dynamic developmental acquisition of vasoactivity in the cerebral vasculature of zebrafish.

Pericyte Biology in Zebrafish.

The zebrafish is an outstanding model for studying vascular biology in vivo. Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells can be imaged as they associate with vessels and provide stability and integrity to the vasculature. In zebrafish, pericytes associate with the cerebral and trunk vasculature on the second day of development, as assayed by pdgfrβ and notch3 markers.