Photosynthesis Responses to the Infection with Plant Pathogens.

Photosynthesis, the remarkable process by which green plants synthesize nutrients using light energy, plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. However, the effects of pathogens on photosynthesis are not widely understood. In general, a reduction of photosynthesis occurs upon the infection with pathogens.

Epigenetic modulation of fungal pathogens: a focus on .

Epigenetics has emerged as a potent field of study for understanding the factors influencing the effectiveness of human disease treatments and for identifying alternations induced by pathogens in host plants. However, there has been a paucity of research on the epigenetic control of the proliferation and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. Fungal plant pathogens such as , a significant threat to global rice production, provide an important model for exploring how epigenetic mechanisms govern fungal proliferation and virulence.

Physiological and molecular responses of 'Hamlin' sweet orange trees expressing the VvmybA1 gene under cold stress conditions.

Overexpression of VvmybA1 transcription factor in 'Hamlin' citrus enhances cold tolerance by increasing anthocyanin accumulation. This results in improved ROS scavenging, altered gene expression, and stomatal regulation, highlighting anthocyanins' essential role in citrus cold acclimation. Cold stress is a significant threat to citrus cultivation, impacting tree health and productivity.

A Transmission Assay of ' Liberibacter asiaticus' Using Citrus Phloem Sap and Topical Feeding to Its Insect Vector, .

' Liberibacter asiaticus', the putative causal agent of citrus greening disease, is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, , in a propagative, circulative, and persistent manner. Unfortunately, '. L.

Citrus-mediated gene silencing of cytochrome P suppresses insecticide resistance and increases mortality in Diaphorina citri.

Background: Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a hemipteran that vectors the causal pathogen of citrus greening disease, or huanglongbing (HLB). HLB is a tree killing disease that has severely limited citrus production globally. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, and mitigation depends on multiple insecticide applications to reduce vector populations.

Melatonin supplementation enhances browning suppression and improves transformation efficiency and regeneration of transgenic rough lemon plants (Citrus × jambhiri).

Enzymatic browning poses a significant challenge that limits in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of plant tissues. This research focuses on investigating how adding antioxidant substances can suppress browning, leading to improved efficiency in transforming plant tissues using Agrobacterium and subsequent plant regeneration from rough lemon (Citrus × jambhiri). When epicotyl segments of rough lemon were exposed to Agrobacterium, they displayed excessive browning and tissue decay.

Influence of Anthocyanin Expression on the Performance of Photosynthesis in Sweet Orange, (L.) Osbeck.

Anthocyanins are a class of natural pigments that accumulate transiently or permanently in plant tissues, often in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. They play a photoprotective role by attenuating the irradiance incident on the photochemical apparatus and quenching oxyradicals through their powerful anti-oxidative function. The objective of the current study is to understand the impact of introducing mybA1 () in 'Hamlin' sweet orange trees on various aspects, including photosynthetic performance, pigment composition, and gene expression related to photosynthesis and light harvesting.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Supplementation Boosts the Phytohormonal Profile in ' Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus.

The devastating citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with ' Liberibacter sp.' and transmitted by citrus psyllids. Unfortunately, HLB has no known sustainable cure yet.

Influence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' infection on the susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri to Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal proteins, Mpp51Aa1 and Cry1Ba1.

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) transmits the Gram-negative bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' that causes citrus greening disease. While chemical control has been the main management strategy for limiting D. citri, the widespread usage of chemical sprays has decreased the susceptibility of D.

Crossing the Gateless Barriers: Factors Involved in the Movement of Circulative Bacteria Within Their Insect Vectors.

Plant bacterial pathogens transmitted by hemipteran vectors pose a large threat to the agricultural industry worldwide. Although virus-vector relationships have been widely investigated, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the molecular interactions between circulative bacteria and their insect vectors, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. In this review, we will describe how these bacterial pathogens adhere, invade, and proliferate inside their insect vectors.

In Silico Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Toll Signaling Pathway-Related Genes in .

The Asian citrus psyllid, is the main vector of citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). Currently, mitigating HLB depends on the control of using insecticides. To design innovative control strategies, we should investigate various biological aspects of at the molecular level.

Systemic Uptake of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Groves after Foliar Application and Trunk Injection.

Huanglongbing (HLB), which is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium ' Liberibacter asiaticus,' is an economically important disease of citrus in many regions of the world. Due to the significant damage caused by the HLB disease in recent years, the use of antibiotics was recommended for the therapy of this destructive disease. Products with active ingredients oxytetracycline and streptomycin have been approved for the control of the HLB via foliar application.

The Citrus sinensis TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (CsTAC1) gene regulates tree architecture in sweet oranges by modulating the endogenous hormone content.

Citrus is a major fruit crop cultivated on a global scale. Citrus trees are long lived perennials with a large canopy. Understanding the genetic control of tree architecture could provide tools for breeding and selection of citrus cultivars suitable for high density planting with improved light exposure.

Genetic Modification of for Expression of the Bacterial Pesticidal Protein Cry1Ba1.

The curry leaf tree, , is highly attractive to the Asian citrus psyllid, , which vectors the bacterial causative agent of citrus greening or huanglongbing disease. This disease has decimated citrus production in Florida and in other citrus-producing countries. As exhibits high affinity for feeding on young leaves of , transgenic expressing bacteria-derived pesticidal proteins such as Cry1Ba1 have potential for management when planted in or adjacent to citrus groves.

Silencing of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase via virus induced gene silencing promotes callose deposition in plant phloem.

The -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrapyrroles. It combines two -aminolevulinic acid (-ALA) molecules to form the pyrrole, porphobilinogen, an important precursor for plant pigments involved in photosynthesis, respiration, light-sensing, and nutrient uptake. Our recent efforts showed that, in citrus, silencing of gene via induced gene silencing, caused yellow spots and necrosis in leaves and in developing new shoots.

Influence of Rootstock on the Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds of Citrus Scion Is More Pronounced after the Infestation with .

Nowadays, citrus greening or Huanglongbing is considered the most destructive disease in the citrus industry worldwide. In the Americas and Asia, the disease is caused by the putative pathogen, ' Liberibacter asiaticus' and transmitted by the psyllid vector, . It has been shown that volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are released from citrus leaves attract the psyllid vector.

The Chorion Proteome of , the Vector of Huanglongbing Disease in Citrus.

Nowadays, the Asian citrus psyllid, (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is considered the most devastating pest of citrus because it transmits " Liberibacter asiaticus", the putative causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening. Controlling the vector is the main strategy used to mitigate HLB. Targeting at the very early stages of its development may offer an effective control strategy.

Not Just a Cycle: Three Genes Enable the Non-Cyclic Flux Toward Succinate via GABA Shunt in ' Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus.

Although the mitochondria retain all required enzymes for an intact tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, plants might shift the cyclic flux from the TCA cycle to an alternative noncyclic pathway via -aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under specific physiological conditions. We hypothesize that several genes may ease this noncyclic flux and contribute to the citrus response to the phytopathogenic bacterium ' Liberibacter asiaticus', the causal agent of Huanglongbing in citrus. To test this hypothesis, we used multiomics techniques (metabolomics, fluxomics, and transcriptomics) to investigate the potential roles of putative homologies from Valencia sweet orange ().

Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus.

Under tropical and subtropical environments, citrus leaves are exposed to excess sunlight, inducing photoinhibition. Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), a devastating phloem-limited disease putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, exacerbates this challenge with additional photosynthetic loss and excessive starch accumulation. A combined metabolomics and physiological approach was used to elucidate whether shade alleviates the deleterious effects of HLB in field-grown citrus trees, and to understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms related to shade-induced morpho-physiological changes in citrus.