Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants of district Khanewal, Pakistan.

Objectives: Keeping in view the economic and veterinary public health importance of brucellosis, this research was conducted to determine its seroprevalence and associated risk determinants in small ruminants in district Khanewal, Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: Two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for sampling, and the sample size was calculated using C-survey 2.0.

evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of sulphation-modified total ginsenosides derivative-3.

Background: Ginseng has been used in biomedicine to prevent and treat decreased physical and mental capacities. Total ginsenosides (TG) from ginseng root which have antitumor and immune-enhancing properties, are the principal active components of , while the sulphation-modified TG derivative-3 (SMTG-d3) was expected to enhance the anticancer activity in conventional medicinal treatments.

Methods: The chlorosulphonic acid-pyridine technique, used for the sulfation modification of TG to improve their biological activity, and the infrared spectroscopic characteristics of TG and SMTG-d3 were investigated, and the effects of SMTG-d3 on immunocytes and cytokines relevant to tumor treatment were assessed.

Inter-Relationship Between a Transcriptional Regulator of Flagella Genes and Thiamine Metabolic Pathway in .

is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. It has been reported that the pathogenesis of is closely related to the formation, adhesion, and invasion of flagella toxin in host epithelial cells. A putative transcriptional regulator, known as , is thought to be involved in the regulation of flagellar synthesis.

Molecular Evolution of the Activating Transcription Factors Shapes the Adaptive Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential part in physiology of individual cell. ROS can cause damage to various biomolecules, including DNA. The systems that have developed to harness the impacts of ROS are antique evolutionary adaptations that are intricately linked to almost every aspect of cellular function.

Computational Insights into the Structural and Functional Impacts of nsSNPs of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.

BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are multipurpose (transforming growth factor)TGF-superfamily released cytokines. These glycoproteins, acting as disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers, are highly potent regulators of bone and cartilage production and repair, cell proliferation throughout embryonic development, and bone homeostasis in the adults. Due to the fact that genetic variation might influence structural functions, this study is aimed to determine the pathogenic effect of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in BMP genes.

Emerging nanotechnology role in the development of innovative solutions against COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 outbreak is creating severe impressions on all facets of the global community. Despite strong measures worldwide to try and re-achieve normalcy, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to survive sturdy ecological settings may contribute to its rapid spread. Scientists from different aspects of life are working together to develop effective treatment strategies against SARS-CoV-2.

Reversibility and safety of KISS1 metastasis suppressor gene vaccine in immunocastration of ram lambs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the reversibility and safety of KISS1 metastasis suppressor () gene vaccine in immunocastration.

Methods: Six eight-week old ram lambs were randomly divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccine (1 mg/ram lamb) was injected at weeks 0, 3, and 6 of the study.

WITHDRAWN: Adaptive selection at agouti gene inferred breed specific selection signature within the indigenous goat populations.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Genetic signature of strong recent positive selection at interleukin-32 gene in goat.

Objective: Identification of the candidate genes that play key roles in phenotypic variations can provide new information about evolution and positive selection. Interleukin (IL)-32 is involved in many biological processes, however, its role for the immune response against various diseases in mammals is poorly understood. Therefore, the current investigation was performed for the better understanding of the molecular evolution and the positive selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gene.

KISS1 can be used as a novel target for developing a DNA immunocastration vaccine in ram lambs.

KISS1 gene-encoding kisspeptins are critical for the onset of puberty and control of adult fertility. This study investigated whether KISS1 can be used as a novel target for immunocastration. Human KISS1 was fused with the HBsAg-S gene for constructing an antibiotic-free recombinant plasmid pKS-asd that coded for 31.