Effects of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Dementia: Results From the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women.

Sleep duration and quality in permanent night work: an observational field study.

Purpose: Permanent night workers conceivably show better adaptation of circadian rhythms to night work than shift workers and therefore better possibilities of obtaining sufficient sleep of good quality after night shifts. We investigated the effect of night shifts including number of consecutive shifts on sleep among self-selected permanent night workers, and studied if the effect of night shifts differed between morning and evening types and compared with 3-shift workers.

Methods: The study population included 90 permanent night workers followed for 14 days (warehouse workers, 1228 observation days, 80% males).

History of working conditions and the risk of old-age dependency: a nationwide Swedish register-based study.

Aims: There is substantial evidence that previous working conditions influence post-retirement health, yet little is known about previous working conditions' association with old-age dependency. We examined job strain, hazardous and physical demands across working life, in relation to the risk of entering old-age dependency of care.

Methods: Individually linked nationwide Swedish registers were used to identify people aged 70+ who were not receiving long-term care (residential care or homecare) at baseline (January 2014).

Does it matter for health if steps are taken during work or leisure? A prospective accelerometer study using register-based long-term sickness absence.

Background: Walking is known to be good for health. However, it is unknown whether it matters if steps are taken during work or leisure. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prospective association between accelerometer-measured steps taken during work or leisure and register-based long-term sickness absence (LTSA).

The association between migraine and dementia - a national register-based matched cohort study.

Objectives: Migraine and dementia, two major public health challenges, are associated, but more knowledge is needed to understand their relationship. Objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the association between non-self-reported measures of migraine and dementia, and whether dementia was associated with 2) migraine without aura (MO) and with aura (MA) in combination with migraine medication use, and 3) migraine severity operationalized as the number of migraine prescriptions.

Study Design: Matched cohort study.

Heart rate variability during sleep after two, four and seven consecutive night shifts and recovery days: a cross-over intervention study.

Objective: Recovery after shift work is an important part reducing the health problems related to shift work. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system and can be used as a measure of recovery after night shifts. The aim of the study is to investigate autonomic recovery during sleep in response to night work in a crossover intervention study.

How Risk Management During COVID-19 Influences Eldercare Personnel's Perceptions of Their Work Environment.

Objective: To investigate the association between workplace COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) risk management and eldercare workers' perception of their social environment at work.

Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data from 952 participants were collected by the Danish labor union, FOA, and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.

Results: Unclear guidelines, insecurity regarding organization of work, lack of attention to vulnerable employees, and lack of instruction in the use of personal protective equipment were associated with perceived negative changes in the social environment at work.

Educational attainment in young adulthood and self-rated health in midlife - Does allostatic load mediate the association?

This study aimed to examine the extent to which allostatic load (AL), measured in midlife, mediates the association between educational attainment in young adulthood and self-rated health (SRH) in midlife among women and men. The study used data from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB; n = 5467 participants, aged 48-62 years, 31.5% women).

The role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the association between exposure to stressors and allostatic load: A systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Exposure to stressors can evoke psychological, physiological, and behavioral stress responses, which may lead to the adoption of health-damaging behaviors that dysregulate multiple biological systems contributing to a high allostatic load. This review explored the role of combined modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the relationship between stressors and allostatic load among healthy adults.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Embase databases up to September 2021.

The effect of COVID-19 on schoolteachers' emotional reactions and mental health: longitudinal results from the CLASS study.

Purpose: We investigated schoolteachers' emotional reactions to COVID-19 and mental health during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We further analyzed if teachers, who belonged to a COVID-19 risk group, had more emotional reactions and poorer mental health than "non-risk" groups.

Methods: We collected questionnaire data in May, June, and November-December 2020 and used data from 2665 teachers at public schools (871 individuals participated in all three surveys).

Socioeconomic Position and Late-Onset Dementia: A Nationwide Register-Based Study.

Objectives: Previous research on the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dementia has not sufficiently accounted for the complex relationship between education and occupation. We investigated the independent and joint effects of educational attainment and occupation-based SEP on dementia.

Methods: We used register-based information about educational attainment, occupation-based SEP, and dementia from 1,210,720 individuals.

Day-to-day pattern of work and leisure time physical behaviours: are low socioeconomic status adults couch potatoes or work warriors?

Background: Most studies on day-to-day patterns of physical behaviours (i.e. physical activities and sedentary behaviour) are based on adults with high socioeconomic status (SES) and without differentiating between work and leisure time.

COVID-19 Risk Management and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19 Among School Teachers in Denmark: Results From the CLASS Study.

Objectives: We explored teachers' emotional reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the association between COVID-19 risk management and these emotional reactions.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 2665 teachers working at public schools. Participants responded to a questionnaire in May 2020.

COVID-19 risk management at the workplace, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees.

Objectives: We compared COVID-19 risk management, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees working within eldercare, hospital/rehabilitation, psychiatry, childcare and ambulance service and explored if group differences in fear of infection and transmission could be explained by differences in risk management. We also investigated the association of risk management with fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among eldercare personnel.

Methods: We used cross-sectional questionnaire data collected by the Danish labour union, FOA .

The effect of occupational physical activity on dementia: Results from the Copenhagen Male Study.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) reduces the risk of dementia, while the effect of occupational physical activity (OPA) on dementia is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OPA on dementia. For comparison, also the association between LTPA and dementia was analyzed.

Physical and psychosocial work factors as explanations for social inequalities in self-rated health.

Objective: We investigated the contribution of physical and psychosocial work factors to social inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in a sample of Danish 40 and 50 years old occupationally active women and men.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, the study population consisted of 3338 Danish women and men. Data were collected by postal questionnaires in 2000 (baseline) and 2006 (follow-up).

The Effect of Psychosocial Work Factors on Headache: Results From the PRISME Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between psychosocial work factors, assessed as work-unit averages, and headache. For comparison, we also applied individual exposure measures.

Methods: We used questionnaire-data on headache and psychosocial work factors (PWF).

How to schedule night shift work in order to reduce health and safety risks.

Objectives This discussion paper aims to provide scientifically based recommendations on night shift schedules, including consecutive shifts, shift intervals and duration of shifts, which may reduce health and safety risks. Short-term physiological effects in terms of circadian disruption, inadequate sleep duration and quality, and fatigue were considered as possible links between night shift work and selected health and safety risks, namely, cancer, cardio-metabolic disease, injuries, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Method In early 2020, 15 experienced shift work researchers participated in a workshop where they identified relevant scientific literature within their main research area.

Does Midlife Forgetfulness Influence Positive and Negative Aspects of Social Relations at Work?: Results From the Danish Working Environment Cohort Study.

Objectives: We investigated whether midlife forgetfulness was prospectively associated with changes in social relations at work (SRW) among occupationally active individuals in Denmark.

Methods: We analyzed data of 2339 men and women participating in the first (1990) and second (1995) survey of the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study, responding to questions on working environment, SRW, and forgetfulness. We used multiple linear regression analysis while adjusting for potential confounders.

Mid- to late-life migraine diagnoses and risk of dementia: a national register-based follow-up study.

Background: Previous studies found an association between migraine and dementia, which are two leading causes of disability. However, these studies did not differentiate between migraine types and did not investigate all prevalent dementia subtypes. The main objective of this national register-based study was to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for dementia.

Shift work and incidence of dementia: A Danish Nurse Cohort study.

Introduction: A few studies suggest that working night and rotating shifts increase the risk of dementia. We examined the association between shift work and the incidence of dementia in a cohort of female Danish nurses.

Methods: We linked Danish Nurse Cohort participants, who reported work schedules (day, evening, night, rotating shifts) in 1993 and/or 1999 and their duration in 2009, to Danish registers to obtain information on dementia hospitalizations and prescription medication until November 2018.

Stress diagnoses in midlife and risk of dementia: a register-based follow-up study.

Objectives: Previous studies indicated that stress diagnoses increase the risk of dementia. However, previous results may be biased by confounding, reverse causation and misclassification. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinically diagnosed stress in midlife and later dementia risk, while addressing limitations of previous studies.

The effects of the number of consecutive night shifts on sleep duration and quality.

Objectives The organization of night shift work affects sleep duration and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the number of consecutive night shifts on sleep duration and quality among police officers with night shift work as part of their normal schedule. Methods This quasi-experimental, within-subject crossover study included 73 police officers.

The longitudinal association between shift work and headache: results from the Danish PRISME cohort.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of shift work on headache. Furthermore, we investigated whether the association between shift work and headache was explained by potential mediators in terms of perceived stress, poor sleep and health behaviors.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, we used questionnaire data (collected in 2007 and 2009) from civil servants and hospital employees from the PRISME study.

Midlife Forgetfulness and Risk of Dementia in Old Age: Results from the Danish Working Environment Cohort Study.

Background: Despite the current evidence of a high prevalence of forgetfulness in middle-aged individuals, and the evidence of a link between midlife memory complaints and biological changes in the brain, no previous study has yet investigated midlife forgetfulness in relation to risk of dementia in old age.

Aims: We investigated whether midlife forgetfulness was an indicator of an increased risk of dementia in old age.

Methods: We used data from 3,136 employed men and women who participated in the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 1990.