Revisiting Luteolin Against the Mediators of Human Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Biomolecular Approach.

Metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) is one of the prevalent subtypes of human cancers and is caused by the alterations of various lifestyle and diet-associated factors. β-catenin, GSK-3β, PI3K-α, AKT1, and NF-κB p50 are known to be the critical regulators of tumorigenesis and immunopathogenesis of mCRC. Unfortunately, current drugs have limited efficacy, side effects and can lead to chemoresistance.

Immune targeting of filarial glutaredoxin through a multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine: A reverse vaccinology approach.

Despite the efforts of global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (GPELF), the threat of lymphatic filariasis (LF) still looms over humanity in terms of long-term disabilities, and morbidities across the globe. In light of this situation, investigators have chosen to focus on the development of immunotherapeutics targeting the physiologically important filarial-specific proteins. Glutaredoxin (16.

Programmed cell death pathways as targets for developing antifilarial drugs: Lessons from the recent findings.

More than half a century has passed since the introduction of the National Filariasis Control Program; however, as of 2023, lymphatic filariasis (LF) still prevails globally, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions, posing a substantial challenge to the objective of worldwide elimination. LF is affecting human beings and its economically important livestock leading to a crucial contributor to morbidities and disabilities. The current scenario has been blowing up alarms of attention to develop potent therapeutics and strategies having efficiency against the adult stage of filarial nematodes.

Comparative Binding Ability of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: An Investigation.

Mutation(s) in the spike protein is the major characteristic trait of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Alpha (B.1.1.

Reverse vaccinology assisted design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine to target Wuchereria bancrofti cystatin: An immunoinformatics approach.

Proteases are the critical mediators of immunomodulation exerted by the filarial parasites to bypass and divert host immunity. Cystatin is a small (∼15 kDa) immunomodulatory filarial protein and known to contribute in the immunomodulation strategy by inducing anti-inflammatory response through alternative activation of macrophages. Recently, Wuchereria bancrofti cystatin has been discovered as a ligand of human toll-like receptor 4 which is key behind the cystatin-induced anti-inflammatory response in major human antigen-presenting cells.

Andrographolide induces anti-SARS-CoV-2 response through host-directed mechanism: an study.

Considering the present alarming situation of COVID-19 pandemic, we concentrated on evaluating the efficacy of a novel natural antiviral drug-candidate andrographolide against SARS-CoV-2 through an model of study. Interaction of andrographolide against the major host molecules that are responsible for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis were determined using bio-computational tools, in other words, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics analysis. Computational findings represent that andrographolide efficiently interacts with the major human-host-associated putative drug-targets of viral-entry points like furin (-10.

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) as Therapeutic Targets for Treating SARS-CoV-2: An Immunobiological Perspective.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is presently the biggest threat to mankind throughout the globe. Increasing reports on deaths, cases of new infection, and socioeconomic losses are continuously coming from all parts of the world. Developing an efficacious drug and/or vaccine is currently the major goal to the scientific communities.

Designing efficient multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine by targeting the antioxidant thioredoxin of bancroftian filarial parasite.

Thioredoxin is a low molecular weight redox-active protein of filarial parasite that plays a crucial role in downregulating the host immune response to prolong the survival of the parasite within the host body. It has the ability to cope up with the oxidative challenges posed by the host. Hence, the antioxidant protein of the filarial parasite has been suggested to be a useful target for immunotherapeutic intervention of human filariasis.

Analyses on the Comparative Potential of Therapeutic Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Newly Emerged SARS-CoV-2 Variants Bearing Mutant Spike Protein.

Since the start of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 250 million people globally, with more than five million fatal cases and huge socio-economic losses. In addition to corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs like remdesivir, various immunotherapies including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been investigated to treat COVID-19 patients. These mAbs were initially developed against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2; however, emergence of variant forms of SARS-CoV-2 having mutations in the spike protein in several countries including India raised serious questions on the potential use of these mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

evidences on filarial cystatin as a putative ligand of human TLR4.

Cystatin is a small molecular weight immunomodulatory protein of filarial parasite that plays a pivotal role in downregulating the host immune response to prolong the survival of the parasite inside the host body. Hitherto, this protein is familiar as an inhibitor of human proteases. However, growing evidences on the role of cystatin in regulating inflammatory homeostasis prompted us to investigate the molecular reasons behind the explicit anti-inflammatory trait of this protein.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-Bestrophin Antibodies against Experimental Filariasis: Immunological, Immune-Informatics and Immune Simulation Investigations.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating parasitic disease caused by filarial parasites and it is prevalent across the underprivileged population throughout the globe. The inadequate efficacy of the existing treatment options has provoked the conception of alternative strategies, among which immunotherapy is steadily emerging as a promising option. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of an antibody-based immunotherapeutic approach in an experimental model of filariasis, i.

Exploring the Differential Expression and Prognostic Significance of the COL11A1 Gene in Human Colorectal Carcinoma: An Integrated Bioinformatics Approach.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers of humans and the second highest in cancer-related death. Genes used as prognostic biomarkers play an imperative role in cancer detection and may direct the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies. Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) is a minor fibrillary collagen that has an essential role in the regulation of cell division, differentiation, proliferation, migration, growth, and apoptosis of intestinal and colon cells.

In silico analyses on the comparative sensing of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA by the intracellular TLRs of humans.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already resulted in a huge setback to mankind in terms of millions of deaths, while the unavailability of an appropriate therapeutic strategy has made the scenario much more severe. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial mediators and regulators of host immunity and the role of human cell surface TLRs in SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory pathogenesis has been demonstrated recently. However, the functional significance of the human intracellular TLRs including TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 is yet unclear.

Designing of a novel multi-epitope peptide based vaccine against Brugia malayi: An in silico approach.

In spite of the tremendous efforts of the World Health Organization, scientific and medical community to eradicate lymphatic filariasis (LF) within 2020, the disease is still taking a huge toll on mankind throughout the globe. The current therapeutic strategies and solution measures against this alarming condition are suffering from a number of limitations such as inadequate effectiveness of the drugs against the adult-stage parasites, low bioavailability, and emergence of resistance. Considering this situation, development of the new therapeutics are urgently needed to combat human LF, especially targeting the adult filarial nematodes.