Structural basis for a highly conserved RNA-mediated enteroviral genome replication.

Enteroviruses contain conserved RNA structures at the extreme 5' end of their genomes that recruit essential proteins 3CD and PCBP2 to promote genome replication. However, the high-resolution structures and mechanisms of these replication-linked RNAs (REPLRs) are limited. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the coxsackievirus B3 and rhinoviruses B14 and C15 REPLRs at 1.

Structure of saguaro cactus virus 3' translational enhancer mimics 5' cap for eIF4E binding.

The genomes of several plant viruses contain RNA structures at their 3' ends called cap-independent translation enhancers (CITEs) that bind the host protein factors such as mRNA 5' cap-binding protein eIF4E for promoting cap-independent genome translation. However, the structural basis of such 5' cap-binding protein recognition by the uncapped RNA remains largely unknown. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of a 3' CITE, panicum mosaic virus-like translation enhancer (PTE) from the saguaro cactus virus (SCV), using a Fab crystallization chaperone.

Advances in chaperone-assisted RNA crystallography using synthetic antibodies.

RNA molecules play essential roles in many biological functions, from gene expression regulation, cellular growth, and metabolism to catalysis. They frequently fold into three-dimensional structures to perform their functions. Therefore, determining RNA structure represents a key step for understanding the structure-function relationships and developing RNA-targeted therapeutics.

Efficient aqueous molybdenum removal using commercial Douglas fir biochar and its iron oxide hybrids.

Molybdenum (Mo) is a naturally-occurring trace element in drinking water. Most commonly, molybdate anions (MoO) are in well water and breast milk. In addition, it is used in medical image testing.

High capacity aqueous phosphate reclamation using Fe/Mg-layered double hydroxide (LDH) dispersed on biochar.

Phosphate is a primary plant nutrient, serving integral role in environmental stability. Excessive phosphate in water causes eutrophication; hence, phosphate ions need to be harvested from soil nutrient levels and water and used efficiently. Fe-Mg (1:2) layered double hydroxides (LDH) were chemically co-precipitated and widely dispersed on a cheap, commercial Douglas fir biochar (695 m/g surface area and 0.