Inequities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage for adolescents with and without disability, national immunization Survey-Child COVID module, July 22, 2021-February 26, 2022.

Background: Some people with disabilities are likely at increased risk of health impacts from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: To describe parent-reported COVID-19 vaccination status of adolescents (aged 13-17 years) and parental intent to get their child vaccinated, among adolescents with versus without disability.

Methods: National Immunization Survey-Child COVID Module data from interviews conducted July 22, 2021-February 26, 2022, were analyzed to assess disability status and type and COVID-19 vaccination status for adolescents (n = 12,445).

A Randomized Controlled Trial using Brief Educational Messages Directed to Adults with Intellectual Disability and Hypertension or their Helpers Reduces Hospital Stays.

Purpose: We assessed an educational intervention to reduce the number of emergency department (ED) and inpatient stays for cardiovascular diagnoses, among South Carolina adult Medicaid Members with intellectual and developmental disability and hypertension (Members).

Design: This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) included Members or the person who helped them with their medications (Helpers). Participants, who included Members and/or their Helpers, were randomly assigned to an Intervention or Control group.

Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Evidence from previous public health emergencies indicates that adults with disabilities have higher risk for morbidity (physical and mental) and mortality than adults without disabilities.

Objective: To provide estimates of mental health indicators and stressors for US adults by disability status during April and May 2020, shortly following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We analyzed data from Porter Novelli View 360 opt-in Internet panel survey conducted during the weeks of April 20th and May 18th 2020 among 1004 English-speaking adults aged ≥18 years without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with hearing, vision, cognition, or mobility; any difficulty with self-care or independent living).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, 22 US States and DC, January 1-October 1, 2020.

We examined disparities in cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by race/ethnicity, age, and sex in the United States during January 1-October 1, 2020. Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander persons had a substantially higher incidence of infection than non-Hispanic White persons.

Self-reported handwashing and surface disinfection behaviors by U.S. adults with disabilities to prevent COVID-19, Spring 2020.

Background: Handwashing and surface cleaning and disinfection are two hygiene behaviors promoted to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Persons with disabilities may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to underlying medical conditions that have been associated with COVID-19.

Objective: This study aims to describe self-reported hygiene behaviors among U.

State-Level Health Care Expenditures Associated With Disability.

Objective: Given the growth in national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) and the changes in health insurance-specific DAHE distribution, updated estimates of state-level DAHE are needed. The objective of this study was to update state-level estimates of DAHE.

Methods: We combined data from the 2013-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2013-2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2014 National Health Expenditure Accounts to calculate state-level DAHE for US adults in total, per adult, and per (adult) person with disability (PWD).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Stress and Worry, Mental Health Conditions, and Increased Substance Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, April and May 2020.

In 2019, approximately 51 million U.S. adults aged ≥18 years reported any mental illness,* and 7.

National Health Care Expenditures Associated With Disability.

Background: In 2003, national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) were $398 billion. Updated estimates will improve our understanding of current DAHE.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate national DAHE for the US adult population and analyze spending by insurance and service categories and to assess changes in spending over the past decade.

Differences in perceived neighborhood environmental supports and barriers for walking between US adults with and without a disability.

People with disabilities are at increased risk of chronic diseases, many of which physical activity can help prevent and manage. Certain environmental features can support or hinder participation in important activities like walking, particularly for people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in the prevalence of perceived neighborhood environmental supports and barriers for walking, by disability status, among US adults.

Physical activity types among US adults with mobility disability, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017.

Background: The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommend that all adults participate in moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity at least 150-300 min/week for substantial health benefits and muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups 2 or more days a week. The prevalence of the general population meeting the Guidelines and the types of physical activity in which they engage have been described elsewhere. Similar descriptions are lacking for individuals with mobility disability whose physical activity profiles may differ from the general population.

High prevalence of disability and HIV risk among low socioeconomic status urban adults, 17 U.S. cities.

Background: In the United States, approximately 10% of adults 18-64 years are disabled. However, there is scarce literature on the associations between disability and HIV risk.

Objective: To assess disability prevalence and its associations to health and HIV risk factors among low socioeconomic status (SES) (≤high school education or ≤ poverty guidelines) urban adults.

Pregnancy and linkage to care among women diagnosed with HIV infection in 61 CDC-funded health departments in the United States, 2013.

Timely linkage to HIV care (LTC) following an HIV diagnosis is especially important for pregnant women with HIV to prevent perinatal transmission and improve maternal health. However, limited data are available on LTC among U.S.

Notification following new positive HIV test results.

Client notification of a new HIV diagnosis is critical for timely access to treatment and reduction in behaviours associated with HIV infection. It is also an important input in HIV transmission and disease progression models. We used national, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded HIV testing events data collected through the National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation system to update estimates of the proportion of newly identified HIV-positives notified of their status.

Preconception folic acid supplementation and risk for chromosome 21 nondisjunction: a report from the National Down Syndrome Project.

Both a lack of maternal folic acid supplementation and the presence of genetic variants that reduce enzyme activity in folate pathway genes have been linked to meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21; however, the findings in this area of research have been inconsistent. To better understand these inconsistencies, we asked whether maternal use of a folic acid-containing supplement before conception reduces risk for chromosome 21 nondisjunction. Using questionnaire data from the National Down Syndrome Project, a population-based case-control study, we compared the use of folic acid-containing supplements among mothers of infants with full trisomy 21 due to maternal nondisjunction (n = 702) and mothers of infants born with no major birth defects (n = 983).

Lack of maternal folic acid supplementation is associated with heart defects in Down syndrome: a report from the National Down Syndrome Project.

Background: Maternal folic acid supplementation has been associated with a reduced risk for neural tube defects and may be associated with a reduced risk for congenital heart defects and other birth defects. Individuals with Down syndrome are at high risk for congenital heart defects and have been shown to have abnormal folate metabolism.

Methods: As part of the population-based case-control National Down Syndrome Project, 1011 mothers of infants with Down syndrome reported their use of supplements containing folic acid.