Uncovering gene expression signatures and diagnostic - Biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma through multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, and classifying the developmental stages of HCC can help with early prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate diagnostic and prognostic molecular signatures underlying the progression of HCC, including tumor initiation and growth, and to classify its developmental stages based on gene expression levels. We integrated data from two cancer systems, including 78 patients with Edmondson-Steiner (ES) grade and 417 patients with TNM stage cancer.

Mapping tumor habitats in isocitrate dehydrogenase -wild type glioblastoma: Integrating MRI, pathologic, and RNA data from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project.

Background: The goal of the study was to spatially validate intratumoral subregions (tumor habitat) using physiologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the pathology of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type whole-glioblastoma sample.

Methods: Data from 20 patients (168 slides) were obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project. On MRI, tumor habitats were defined using voxel-wise clustering of the apparent diffusion coefficient and cerebral blood volume maps for contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) and non-enhancing lesions (NEL).

Normative Issues in Next Generation Sequencing Gene Testing.

Despite the commercialization of Next generation sequencing (NGS) gene testing, only a few studies have addressed the various ethical and legal problems associated with NGS testing in Korea Here, we reviewed the normative issues that emerged at each stage of the wet analysis and bioinformatics analysis of NGS gene testing. In particular, it was in mind to apply various international guidelines and the principles of bioethics to actual clinical practice. Considering the characteristics of NGS testing, wet analysis of additional testing can be justified if presumptive consent is recognized.

Reducing false positives in deep learning-based brain metastasis detection by using both gradient-echo and spin-echo contrast-enhanced MRI: validation in a multi-center diagnostic cohort.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL) for detection of brain metastasis (BM) that incorporates both gradient- and turbo spin-echo contrast-enhanced MRI (dual-enhanced DL) and evaluate it in a clinical cohort in comparison with human readers and DL using gradient-echo-based imaging only (GRE DL).

Materials And Methods: DL detection was developed using data from 200 patients with BM (training set) and tested in 62 (internal) and 48 (external) consecutive patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery and diagnostic dual-enhanced imaging (dual-enhanced DL) and later guide GRE imaging (GRE DL). The detection sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were compared between two DLs.

Prediction of pseudoprogression in post-treatment glioblastoma using dynamic susceptibility contrast-derived oxygenation and microvascular transit time heterogeneity measures.

Objectives: To evaluate the added value of MR dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)-derived tumour microvascular and oxygenation information with cerebral blood volume (CBV) to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression (TP) in post-treatment glioblastoma.

Methods: This retrospective single-institution study included patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma and a newly developed or enlarging measurable contrast-enhancing mass within 12 weeks after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. CBV, capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) were obtained from DSC-PWI.

Tumor Habitat Analysis Using Longitudinal Physiological MRI to Predict Tumor Recurrence After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastasis.

Objective: It is difficult to predict the treatment response of tissue after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) because radiation necrosis (RN) and tumor recurrence can coexist. Our study aimed to predict tumor recurrence, including the recurrence site, after SRS of brain metastasis by performing a longitudinal tumor habitat analysis.

Materials And Methods: Two consecutive multiparametric MRI examinations were performed for 83 adults (mean age, 59.

Characterization of signature trends across the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using deep learning method.

Aims: The timely diagnosis of different stages in NAFLD is crucial for disease treatment and reversal. We used hepatocellular ballooning to determine different NAFLD stages.

Main Methods: We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 78 patients with NAFLD and in healthy controls from previously published RNA-seq data.

Vessel size and perfusion-derived vascular habitat refines prediction of treatment failure to bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastomas: validation in a prospective cohort.

Objectives: Anti-angiogenic therapy may not benefit all patients with recurrent glioblastomas, and imaging biomarker predicting treatment response to anti-angiogenic therapy is currently limited. We aimed to develop and validate vascular habitats based on perfusion and vessel size to predict time to progression (TTP) in patients with recurrent glioblastomas treated with bevacizumab.

Methods: Sixty-nine patients with recurrent glioblastomas treated with bevacizumab who underwent pretreatment MRI with dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging and vessel architectural imaging were enrolled.

Impact of ε4 Carrier Status on Associations Between Subthreshold, Positive Amyloid-β Deposition, Brain Function, and Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Prospective Study.

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests a deteriorating effect of subthreshold amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation on cognition before the onset of clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the association between the Aβ-dependent pathway and the ε4 allele, the impact of this allele on the progression from the subthreshold Aβ deposits to cognitive function impairment is unclear. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of positive Aβ accumulation in the preclinical phase is lacking.

Alterations of Resting-State Locus Coeruleus Functional Connectivity After Transdermal Trigeminal Electrical Neuromodulation in Insomnia.

Background: Transdermal trigeminal electrical neuromodulation (TTEN) is a novel treatment modality that is known for noradrenergic modulation through the trigeminal nerve and locus coeruleus (LC). This study aimed to demonstrate the alterations of LC functional connectivity (FC) in patients with insomnia after a 4-week TTEN.

Methods: The Cefaly device targeting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve was applied to a total of 12 patients with insomnia to monitor for the effects of TTEN.

Subcortical and Cerebellar Neural Correlates of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease with Prolonged Sleep Latency.

Background: Despite the important associations among sleep, Alzheimer's disease (AD), subcortical structures, and the cerebellum, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regard to these regions and sleep on patients in AD trajectory are scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of prolonged sleep latency on the structural and functional alterations in the subcortical and cerebellar neural correlates in amyloid-β positive amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients (Aβ+aMCI).

Methods: A total of 60 patients with aMCI who were identified as amyloid positive ([18F] flutemetamol+) were recruited in the study, 24 patients with normal sleep latency (aMCI-n) and 36 patients prolonged sleep latency (aMCI-p).

A Normative Review on Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPD): Focusing on the German Discussion on PrenaTest®.

This article aims to introduce German discussion on the approval of the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), which started with the development of PrenaTest by LifeCodexx AG. The discussion started with the concern that the non-invasive nature of NIPD, such as PrenaTest, may rapidly expand the use and scope of similar tests, thus leading to a new era of eugenics. Based on this concern, the need for clear clinical guidelines on specific indications for NIPD has been suggested.

Impact of transdermal trigeminal electrical neuromodulation on subjective and objective sleep parameters in patients with insomnia: a pilot study.

Purpose: Transcutaneous trigeminal electrical neuromodulation (TTEN) is a new treatment modality that has a potential to improve sleep through the suppression of noradrenergic activity. This study aimed to explore the changes of subjective and objective sleep parameters after 4-weeks of daily session of transcutaneous trigeminal electrical neuromodulation in a group of patients with insomnia.

Methods: In a group of patients with insomnia, TTEN targeting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve was utilized to test the effects of transcutaneous trigeminal electrical neuromodulation.

Association between Dementia and Clinical Outcome after COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matched Control in South Korea.

Objective: Despite a high prevalence of dementia in older adults hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2), or so called COVID-19, research investigating association between preexisting diagnoses of dementia and prognosis of COVID-19 is scarce. We aimed to investigate treatment outcome of patients with dementia after COVID-19.

Methods: We explored a nationwide cohort with a total of 2,800 subjects older than 50 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between January and April 2020.

Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognitive Function, Brain Functional Segregation, and Integration in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Amyloid-Beta Deposition and ε4-Allele: A Pilot Study.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal-tDCS) is known to improve cognition and normalize abnormal network configuration during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to evaluate the impact of sequential anodal-tDCS on cognitive functions, functional segregation, and integration parameters in patients with MCI, according to high-risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD): amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and ε4-allele status. In 32 patients with MCI ([ F] flutemetamol-: = 10, [ F] flutemetamol+: = 22; ε4-: = 13, ε4+: = 19), we delivered anodal-tDCS (2 mA/day, five times/week, for 2 weeks) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and assessed the neuropsychological test battery and resting-state fMRI measurements before and after 2 weeks stimulation.

A Comparative Study on the Predictive Value of Different Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.

Diverse resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies showed that rs-fMRI might be able to reflect the earliest detrimental effect of cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. However, no previous studies specifically compared the predictive value of different rs-fMRI parameters in preclinical AD. A total of 106 cognitively normal adults (Aβ+ group = 66 and Aβ- group = 40) were included.

Default mode network dissociation linking cerebral beta amyloid retention and depression in cognitively normal older adults.

Cerebral beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and late-life depression (LLD) are known to be associated with the trajectory of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their neurobiological link is not clear. Previous studies showed aberrant functional connectivity (FC) changes in the default mode network (DMN) in early Aβ deposition and LLD, but its mediating role has not been elucidated.