LY-2183240 enhances reward-seeking behavior with inducing neuronal excitation and early apoptosis in mouse.

Cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors, influencing diverse central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral functions, including anxiety, depression, and cognition. CB1 and CB2 receptors modulate signaling cascades via G-protein coupling, with anandamide acting as an endogenous ligand for CB1 receptors. LY-2183240, a putative endocannabinoid transport blocker, elevates brain anandamide levels, showing therapeutic potential in pain management and alcohol-related behaviors.

Withdrawal from 3-Fluoroethamphetamine induces hyperactivity and depression-like behaviors in male mice.

3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) belongs to the amphetamine class of stimulant drugs and functions as a releasing agent for the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 3-FEA acts on the central nervous system and elicits physical and mental side effects, such as euphoria, increased heart rate, and excitement. However, little is known about the withdrawal symptoms and behavioral changes induced by 3-FEA administration.

Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects of 25H-NBOMe in Rodents.

The drug 25H-NBOMe is a new psychoactive substance (NPS). The use of these substances is likely to pose a threat to public health because they elicit effects similar to those of known psychoactive substances with similar chemical structures. However, data regarding the abuse potential of 25H-NBOMe are lacking.

Role of the JAK/STAT pathway in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy mouse model.

Purpose: The Janus tyrosine kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, but the role of this pathway in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. We investigated the role of the JAK/STAT pathway on DR and VEGF expression using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR mouse model.

Methods: Cultured ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high-glucose conditions and treated with JAK/STAT inhibitors (JAK inhibitor I [JAKiI], tofacitinib, STAT3 inhibitor [STAT3i]) for 48 h.

Application of predicted fragmentation pathways and fragment ion structures for detecting steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators in dietary supplements using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Dietary supplements advertised to strengthen muscles have earned fame among athletes. However, several products containing unauthorized compounds are often detected, which can cause a public health risk. Particularly, steroids and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) can cause serious side effects as hormone modulators.

Simultaneous screening of 21 potential adulterants in dietary supplements for the treatment of prostate diseases using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Reports of the number of adulteration cases using illegal therapeutic substances in dietary supplements have increased. In recent years, various dietary supplements are being distributed that exaggerate the efficacy of treatment for prostate-related diseases. To develop the preemptive monitoring method, we selected 21 prostate-related therapeutic substances and optimized the simultaneous ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and pretreatment procedures for various types of matrices including solid, liquid, and soft capsule samples.

Application of a simultaneous screening method for the detection of new psychoactive substances in various matrix samples using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Recently, new psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged as a public health risk. Particularly, their chemical structures are modified to avoid detection. Synthetic NPS with effects similar to those of illegal drugs have been recently detected and synthesized worldwide, including MDMB-FUBINACA and APINAC, making it essential to rapidly and accurately detect NPS.

Simultaneous screening of dietary supplements for 25 anti-hyperlipidemic substances using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Recently, illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized compounds have been seized and internationally publicized with a warning to avoid their consumption. This adulteration can be a serious threat to public health because of insufficient and reliable safety data as well as their undesirable side effects. It is, therefore, essential to rapidly and accurately develop and simultaneously validate analytical methods for these unauthorized anti-hyperlipidemic substances.

Simultaneous determination of illegal drug substances in dietary supplements for gout and osteoporosis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The aim of this study was to simultaneously determine the presence of unauthorized drug substances in health foods and herbal products used in the treatment of conditions such as gout and anti-osteoporosis. Therefore, we developed and optimised a rapid and accurate method to simultaneously measure 20 anti-gout and anti-osteoporosis drug substances using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. The method was validated to fully meet internationally accepted standards.

Terpyridine-based complex nanofibers with Eu as a highly selective chemical probes for UO.

Uranyl is a radioactive, toxic pollutant commonly found in the waste remaining after nuclear fuel reprocessing, and it poses several types of risks to human health; therefore, developing absorbents and chemical probes for this compound is crucial to overcoming these issues. This study examined the sensing abilities of terpyridine-appended benzenetricarboxyamide (T-BTA) as a chromogenic probe for detecting uranyl ions (UO). The complex with Eu (1-Eu) spontaneously formed nanostructured fibers in HO owing to the triamide groups of T-BTA, which induced intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Type I pig collagen enhances the efficacy of PEDF 34-mer peptide in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

Background: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-derived 34-mer peptide (PEDF34, Asp-Asn) has anti-angiogenic activity but has limitations in clinical application because of an inverted bell-shaped dose-effect relationship and a short half-life. In this study, we attempted to mitigate these problems by mixing PEDF34 with type I collagen.

Methods: The anti-angiogenic activity of the PEDF34/atelocollagen mixture was evaluated by HUVEC tube formation assay and in a laser-induced choroidal neovascular (CNV) mouse model.

Novel Cyanostilbene-Based Fluorescent Chemoprobe for Hydroxyl Radicals and Its Two-Photon Bioimaging in Living Cells.

A novel cyanostilbene derivative as a selective fluorescent chemoprobe for hydroxyl radicals was synthesized. The chemoprobe shows strong green emission in aqueous solution with the addition of hydroxyl radicals. Conversely, negligible emission changes are observed upon addition of other reactive oxygen species.

Self-Assembled Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Dicyanostilbene Nanoparticles and Their Fluorescence Probes for Reactive Oxygen Species.

We report self-assembled novel triphenylphosphonium-conjugated dicyanostilbene-based as selective fluorescence turn-on probes for ¹O₂ and ClO. Mono- or di-triphenylphosphonium-conjugated dicyanostilbene derivatives and formed spherical structures with diameters of ca. 27 and 56.

Non-peptidic guanidinium-functionalized silica nanoparticles as selective mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarriers.

We report on the design and fabrication of a FeO core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle shell (FeO@MSNs)-based mitochondria-targeting drug nanocarrier. A guanidinium derivative (GA) was conjugated onto the FeO@MSNs as the mitochondria-targeting ligand. The fabrication of the FeO@MSNs and their functionalization with GA were carried out by the sol-gel polymerization of alkoxysilane groups.