The natural history of fetal diagnosed isolated ventricular septal defect.

Objective: This study was undertaken to clarify the natural course of ventricular septal defect, and to find an index that would help in prenatal counseling.

Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2014, 18 188 fetuses underwent echocardiographic examinations. Of these, 228 isolated ventricular septal defect cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Clinical characteristics of prenatally diagnosed persistent left superior vena cava in low-risk pregnancies.

Objective: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) among low-risk pregnancies. We have also compared electrocardiography (ECG) parameters of infants with PLSVC with those of normal controls.

Method: At our institute, fetal echocardiogram is routinely performed in the midtrimester.