A machine learning-integrated stepwise method to discover novel anti-obesity phytochemicals that antagonize the glucocorticoid receptor.

As a type of stress hormone, glucocorticoids (GCs) affect numerous physiological pathways by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and regulating the transcription of various genes. However, when GCs are dysregulated, the resulting hypercortisolism may contribute to various metabolic disorders, including obesity. Thus, attempts have been made to discover potent GR antagonists that can reverse excess-GC-related metabolic diseases.

Effect of atelocollagen on the healing status after medial meniscal root repair using the modified Mason-Allen stitch.

Introduction: Addition of collagen during medial meniscal root repair (MMRR) may improve meniscal root healing minimising fibrous scar tissue formation. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of atelocollagen on MMRR using the modified Mason-Allen stitch when compared with that of the conventional pullout repair by assessing the clinical and radiological outcomes.

Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that atelocollagen would enhance the healing effect on the meniscal root following MMRR.

Primary Imaging Test for Suspected Traumatic Thoracolumbar Spine Injury: 2017 Guidelines by the Korean Society of Radiology and National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency.

The Korean Society of Radiology and the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency developed a primary imaging test for suspected traumatic thoracolumbar spine injury. This guideline was developed using an adaptation process involving collaboration between the development committee and the working group. The development committee, consisting of research methodology experts, established the overall plan and provided support on research methodology.

Medial knee osteoarthritis precedes medial meniscal posterior root tear with an event of painful popping.

Background: An event of painful popping is a highly predictive clinical sign of medial meniscal posterior root tears (MMPRTs) in middle-aged to older patients. There are lacks of studies about the prevalence of a painful popping event and the condition of the medial compartment at the time of popping event in MMPRTs.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that most of MMPRTs with a single painful popping event would show pre-existed pathologic medial meniscal extrusion (MME) and articular cartilage degeneration, and larger contact area of medial femoral condyle to medial tibial plateau could affect the MME.

Evaluation of Anterolateral Ligament Injuries and Concomitant Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of anterolateral ligament (ALL) injuries with a ruptured acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and to analyze the presence of concomitant bone contusions and meniscal lesions.

Methods: From March 2015 to March 2017, we retrospectively analyzed 378 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstructions. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated the presence of ALL injury and concomitant lesions within 3 weeks of the injury.

Differences Between Subtalar Instability and Lateral Ankle Instability Focusing on Subtalar Ligaments Based on Three Dimensional Isotropic Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between subtalar instability (STI) and lateral ankle instability (LAI) focusing on subtalar ligaments using 3-dimensional (3D) isotropic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Preoperative MRIs of 10 patients with STI who failed nonoperative treatment and consequently underwent arthroscopic subtalar reconstruction were compared with preoperative MRIs of 23 patients with LAI who underwent ligament repair or reconstruction. Dimensions of anterior capsular ligament (ACL), interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) were measured.

Automated detection and classification of the proximal humerus fracture by using deep learning algorithm.

Background and purpose - We aimed to evaluate the ability of artificial intelligence (a deep learning algorithm) to detect and classify proximal humerus fractures using plain anteroposterior shoulder radiographs. Patients and methods - 1,891 images (1 image per person) of normal shoulders (n = 515) and 4 proximal humerus fracture types (greater tuberosity, 346; surgical neck, 514; 3-part, 269; 4-part, 247) classified by 3 specialists were evaluated. We trained a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) after augmentation of a training dataset.

Subtalar instability: imaging features of subtalar ligaments on 3D isotropic ankle MRI.

Background: MRI analysis of subtalar ligaments in the tarsal sinus has not been well performed. We retrospectively investigated the appearance of subtalar ligaments using 3D isotropic MRI and compared imaging findings of subtalar ligaments between patients with subtalar instability (STI) and controls.

Methods: Preoperative MRIs of 23 STI patients treated with arthroscopic subtalar reconstruction were compared to MRIs of 23 age- and sex-matched control subjects without STI.

CT arthrography visualizes tissue growth of osteochondral defects of the talus after microfracture.

Purpose: Little is known about the arthroscopic or radiographic outcomes after arthroscopic microfracture of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). The purpose of this study was to investigate tissue growth after arthroscopic microfracture of OLTs using computed tomography arthrography (CTA) and to identify the relationship between CTA findings and clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that the morphology of the repaired tissue would be similar to that of normal anatomy and correlate with the clinical outcomes.

Serial Changes in 3-Dimensional Supraspinatus Muscle Volume After Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: There is considerable debate on the recovery of rotator cuff muscle atrophy after rotator cuff repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the serial changes in supraspinatus muscle volume after rotator cuff repair by using semiautomatic segmentation software and to determine the relationship with functional outcomes.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Stress Radiography in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability.

Background: Studies regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the lateral ankle ligaments in chronic lateral ankle instability and their clinical relevance for surgery are lacking. This study classified the lateral ankle ligament MRI findings of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and correlated these findings with ankle stress radiographs.

Methods: We included 132 ankles with CLAI that underwent ligament reconstructions from 2006 to 2013.

Stress ultrasound in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament injuries: additional value for predicting rehabilitation outcome.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional value of stress ultrasound (US) for predicting rehabilitation outcome in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury.

Methods: Stress US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 41 baseball players with UCL injury who received rehabilitation treatment for more than 6 weeks were retrospectively compared between the rehabilitation group (n = 23) and surgery group (n = 18). The MRI grade of UCL injury was assessed as intact continuity, low-grade partial tear, high-grade partial tear, and complete tear.

Valgus extension overload syndrome in adolescent baseball players: clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes.

Background: Little is known about the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of valgus extension overload syndrome (VEOS) in adolescent athletes. We evaluated posteromedial compartment pathology, including combined lesions, and reported the surgical outcomes in adolescent baseball players.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 13 male adolescent baseball players (mean age, 15.

Superior Labral Cleft after Superior Labral Anterior-to-Posterior Tear Repair: CT Arthrographic Features and Correlation with Clinical Outcome.

Purpose: To evaluate the presence of a superior labral cleft at postoperative computed tomographic (CT) arthrography after superior labral anterior-to-posterior lesion (SLAP) repair and to correlate CT arthrographic appearance with clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. Fifty-six patients who underwent CT arthrography after arthroscopic SLAP repair were included.

Charcoal-induced granuloma that mimicked a nodal metastasis on ultrasonography and FDG-PET/CT after neck dissection.

Charcoal can be used for preoperative localization of metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. Charcoal remains stable without causing foreign body reactions during as hort period. However, foreign body reactions may develop if charcoal is left in situ for more than 6 months.

Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum lysates attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis lesions in mouse models.

Lactobacillus plantarum is a well-documented probiotic that has been used in clinical trials for the regulation of the immune system and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of L. plantarum cell lysates on the immune regulation through the in vitro and in vivo studies.

Revisit to scapular dyskinesis: three-dimensional wing computed tomography in prone position.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) wing computed tomography (CT) showed a high inter-rater reliability in assessing scapular dyskinesis.

Methods: The 330 scapular movements of 165 patients were classified into 4 types by 7 blinded observers. Then, 3D wing CT was performed with patients prone, and 4 blinded observers measured 5 angles, consisting of upward rotation (UR) superior translation (ST), anterior tilting (AT), protraction (PRO), and internal rotation (IR).

Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum suppresses LPS-mediated atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.

Chronic inflammation plays an important role in atherogenesis. Experimental studies have demonstrated the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques caused by inflammation. Here, we report the inhibitory effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus plantarum (pLTA) on atherosclerotic inflammation.

Is arthroscopic coracoplasty necessary in subcoracoid impingement syndrome?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of arthroscopic coracoplasty in the treatment of subcoracoid impingement syndrome.

Methods: We compared 23 shoulders that underwent arthroscopic coracoplasty for the treatment of subcoracoid impingement syndrome with 28 shoulders that did not undergo arthroscopic coracoplasty for the treatment of subcoracoid impingement syndrome, which comprised the control group. All the shoulders had subcoracoid and subacromial impingement syndrome with or without rotator cuff tear.

Multidirectional instability of the shoulder: rotator interval dimension and capsular laxity evaluation using MR arthrography.

Objectives: To compare the rotator interval and capsular dimension as measured on MR arthrography between patients with clinically diagnosed multidirectional instability (MDI) and control subjects with no instability.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 658 shoulders that had undergone MR arthrography between 2006 and 2010. Of these, 97 shoulders were included in the present study.

Chronologic change in the growth plate after radiofrequency-induced thermal injury: MRI-histologic correlation.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to assess chronologic changes in normal growth plate after radiofrequency-induced thermal injury and to evaluate the feasibility of MRI for revealing alteration of the growth plate.

Materials And Methods: Radiofrequency ablation was performed on the right proximal tibia of 13 8-week-old New Zealand White rabbits. An 18-gauge cooled-tip electrode with a 5-mm active tip was placed distal to the physis under fluoroscopic guidance.

Probiotic genomic DNA reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum genomic DNA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M, and the pattern recognition receptor were examined. Pretreatment of p-gDNA inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs and nuclear factor-kappa B, and also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in response to subsequent LPS stimulation. L.

Acute coccydynia related to precoccygeal calcific tendinitis.

Symptomatic deposits of calcium hydroxyapatite have been reported in various sites other than the shoulders or hips. Sudden-onset coccydynia can lead to the discovery of calcific deposition in the precoccygeal region. We present the case of precoccygeal calcific tendinitis in a patient with acute coccydynia.