Excessively Delayed Radiation Changes After Proton Beam Therapy for Brain Tumors: Report of Two Cases.

Delayed cerebral necrosis is a well-known complication of radiation therapy (RT). Because of its irreversible nature, it should be avoided if possible, but avoidance occurs at the expense of potentially compromised tumor control, despite the use of the modern advanced technique of conformal RT that minimizes radiation to normal brain tissue. Risk factors for radiation-induced cerebral necrosis include a higher dose per fraction, larger treatment volume, higher cumulative dose, and shorter time interval (for re-irradiation).

The Effect of CYP2D6 Phenotypes on the Pharmacokinetics of Propafenone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Propafenone (PPF) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent mainly metabolized by cytochrome (CYP) 2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4. Previous studies have shown that CYP2D6 polymorphism influences the pharmacokinetics (PK) of PPF. However, the small sample sizes of PK studies can lead to less precise estimates of the PK parameters.

Establishment of Patient-derived Preclinical Models for Invasive Papillary Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background/aim: Invasive papillary cholangio-carcinoma (IPC) is a minor subtype of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, its etiology and characteristics remain unknown because of the unavailability of in vitro and in vivo models. We aimed to establish a novel preclinical model for translational research of IPC.

Discovery of plasma biomarkers for predicting the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis by quantitative proteomics.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes is the leading cause of death. Finding early biomarkers for detecting asymptomatic patients with CVD can improve survival. Recently, plasma proteomics-targeted selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring analyses (MRM)-has emerged as highly specific and sensitive tools compared with classic ELISA methods.

Regulation of IL-24 in human oral keratinocytes stimulated with Tannerella forsythia.

Interleukin-24 is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine and a member of the IL-20R subfamily of the IL-10 family. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of IL-24 in the human oral keratinocyte cell line HOK-16B following infection with Tannerella forsythia, a major periodontal pathogen. T.

Neural Ganglia Transcriptome and Peptidome Associated with Sexual Maturation in Female Pacific Abalone ().

Genetic information of reproduction and growth is essential for sustainable molluscan fisheries and aquaculture management. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the reproductive activity of the commercially important Pacific abalone . We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of the ganglia in sexually immature and mature female Pacific abalone to better understand the sexual maturation process and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of human periodontal ligament stem cells by high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Background And Objectives: Proteome analysis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) could be used to study the function of PDL tissue. We used a label-free quantitative proteomic technique to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) compared to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and identify proteins specific to hPDLSCs.

Material And Methods: hPDLSCs (n = 3) and hBMSCs (n = 3) were cultured and harvested for protein extraction and trypsin digestion.

Prognostic Value of Pathologic Chemotherapy Response Score in Patients With Ovarian Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of chemotherapy response score (CRS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: Chemotherapy response score was retrospectively determined on pathology slides of all patients with epithelial OC that had interval debulking surgery (IDS) between 2009-2014. Chemotherapy response score 1 was given when tumor was present and infiltrated by inflammatory cells, CRS 2 when both tumor and regressive chemotherapy changes were present, and CRS 3 when scant tumor was seen within extensive chemotherapy-induced changes.

Effects of FGF21-secreting adipose-derived stem cells in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated to treat liver diseases, but the efficiency of MSCs to treat chronic liver diseases is conflicting. FGF21 can reduce inflammation and fibrosis. We established FGF21-secreting adipose derived stem cells (FGF21_ADSCs) to enhance the effects of ADSCs and transplanted them into thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis mice via the tail vein.

Correction to: CT diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis: importance of enhancing mucosal epithelium, the "cotton ball sign".

The original version of this article, published on 09 April 2018, unfortunately contained a mistake. The following correction has therefore been made in the original: The presentation of Fig. 2 was incorrect, "Cotton ball sign" was mistakenly named "Polka-dot sign".

CT diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis: importance of enhancing mucosal epithelium, the "cotton ball sign".

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic value of the cotton ball sign and other CT features in patients with gallbladder (GB) wall thickenings (WTs).

Methods: Three blinded readers reviewed the preoperative CT and MR images of 101 patients with pathologically confirmed GB adenomyomatosis (GA) (n = 34) and other benign (n = 29), malignant (n = 41), and premalignant (n = 2) GBWTs. Three readers analysed the morphological features of GBWT and presence of the "cotton ball sign", defined as fuzzy grey dots in GBWT or a dotted outer border of the inner enhancing layer on contrast-enhanced (CE) CT.

Association between memory impairment and brain metabolite concentrations in North Korean refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had experiences of enormous psychological stress that can result in neurocognitive and neurochemical changes. To date, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. The present study is to investigate the association between neurocognitive characteristics and neural metabolite concentrations in North Korean refugees with PTSD.

Do Patients Want to Listen to a Diagnosis of Dementia in Korea? Preferences on Disclosing a Diagnosis of Dementia and Discussing Advance Care Planning in Elderly Patients with Memory Concerns and Their Families.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate preferences regarding the disclosure of a dementia diagnosis and advance care planning (ACP) in patients with memory complaints and their families.

Methods: A total of 98 patients who visited the department of psychiatry at a tertiary hospital with memory complaints and 62 family members completed a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included preferences on disclosure of dementia and cancer diagnosis, awareness and preferences on ACP.

Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea.

Purpose: To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.

The efficacy of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation enteropathy along with proteomic biomarkers predicting a favorable response.

Background: Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in patients with abdominopelvic cancer, but no treatment has yet been established. Stem cell therapy may be a viable therapeutic option because intestinal stem cells are highly vulnerable to ionizing radiation (IR) and stem cell loss explains its intractability to general treatment. Here, we investigated either prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDSCs) against radiation enteropathy and could identify biomarkers predicting a favorable response to stem cell therapy.

Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase as a potential UVB target in skin epidermis; using an integrated approach of label-free quantitative proteomics and targeted metabolite analysis.

Unlabelled: Photodamage is extrinsically induced by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and it increases the risk of various skin disorders. Therefore, discovery of novel biomarkers of photodamage is important. In this study, using LC-MS/MS analysis of epidermis from UVB-irradiated hairless mice, we identified 57 proteins whose levels changed after UVB exposure, and selected 7 proteins related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through pathway analysis.

Molecular imaging for theranostics in gastroenterology: one stone to kill two birds.

Molecular imaging in gastroenterology has become more feasible with recent advances in imaging technology, molecular genetics, and next-generation biochemistry, in addition to advances in endoscopic imaging techniques including magnified high-resolution endoscopy, narrow band imaging or autofluorescence imaging, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and confocal laser endomicroscopy. These developments have the potential to serve as "red flag" techniques enabling the earlier and accurate detection of mucosal abnormalities (such as precancerous lesions) beyond biomarkers, virtual histology of detected lesions, and molecular targeted therapy-the strategy of "one stone to kill two or three birds"; however, more effort should be done to be "blue ocean" benefit. This review deals with the introduction of Raman spectroscopy endoscopy, imaging mass spectroscopy, and nanomolecule development for theranostics.

Predictive proteomic biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease-associated cancer: where are we now in the era of the next generation proteomics?

Recent advances in genomic medicine have opened up the possibility of tailored medicine that may eventually replace traditional "one-size-fits all" approaches to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition to exploring the interactions between hosts and microbes, referred to as the microbiome, a variety of strategies that can be tailored to an individual in the coming era of personalized medicine in the treatment of IBD are being investigated. These include prompt genomic screening of patients at risk of developing IBD, the utility of molecular discrimination of IBD subtypes among patients diagnosed with IBD, and the discovery of proteome biomarkers to diagnose or predict cancer risks.

Recent advances in molecular imaging of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions and future application for early detection of barrett esophagus.

Recent advances in optical molecular imaging allow identification of morphologic and biochemical changes in tissues associated with gastrointestinal (GI) premalignant lesions earlier and in real-time. This focused review series introduces high-resolution imaging modalities that are being evaluated preclinically and clinically for the detection of early GI cancers, especially Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although narrow band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and chromoendoscopy are currently applied for this purpose in the clinic, further adoptions of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, high-resolution microendoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and metabolomic imaging, as well as imaging mass spectrometry, will lead to detection at the earliest and will guide predictions of the clinical course in the near future in a manner that is beyond current advancements in optical imaging.

Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) for Premalignant Gastrointestinal Lesions.

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is currently receiving large attention from the mass spectrometric community, although its use is not yet well known in the clinic. As matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI)-IMS can show the biomolecular changes in cells as well as tissues, it can be an ideal tool for biomedical diagnostics as well as the molecular diagnosis of clinical specimens, especially aimed at the prompt detection of premalignant lesions much earlier before overt mass formation, or for obtaining histologic clues from endoscopic biopsy. Besides its use for pathologic diagnosis, MALDI-IMS is also a powerful tool for the detection and localization of drugs, proteins, and lipids in tissue.

[6]-Shogaol inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines via regulation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of JNK in HMC-1 cells.

[6]-Shogaol is a major bioactive component of Zingiber officinale. Although [6]-shogaol has a number of pharmacological activities including antipyretic, analgesic, antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects, the specific mechanisms of its anti-allergic effects have not been studied. In this study, we present the effects of [6]-shogaol on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.

Label-free quantification for discovering novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: No distinctive biomarkers capable of discriminating between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have yet been found. In this study, we aimed to discover these biomarkers by using advanced label-free quantification technology for proteomes.

Methods: Biomarker protein expressions of colonic tissues of Korean IBD patients and controls were determined using label-free quantification to compare the protein profiles of colonic mucosa in three individuals with normal colonic tissue, four patients with UC, three with CD and two with inflammatory polyps related to UC.

Quantitative proteomic approaches in biomarker discovery of inflammatory bowel disease.

Proteomics offers considerable opportunities for either enhancing our biological understanding or discovering biomarkers, blood and biopsied specimen-based proteomic approaches, provide reproducible and quantitative tools that can complement clinical assessments and aid clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sometimes a differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and the prediction of treatment response can be deduced by finding meaningful biomarkers, for which the central platform for proteomics is tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A range of workflows are available for protein (or peptide) separation prior to MS/MS as well as bioinformatics analysis to achieve protein identification, for which two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and subsequent mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography-MS, difference gel electrophoresis following 2-DE, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), stable isotope labeling by amino acids and label-free quantification are under development.

CYP3A5 polymorphism effect on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in living donor renal transplant recipients: analysis by population pharmacokinetics.

Background: Cyclosporine is often used to prevent allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients. However, cyclosporine has a narrow therapeutic window and large variability in its pharmacokinetics. Individual characteristics and genetic polymorphisms can cause the variation.