Peripheral neuroprotective potential and toxicological profile of fascaplysin in zebrafish models.

Fascaplysin is a bioactive compound derived from marine sponges, which have anticancer properties and potential neuroprotective effects mediated by mitigation of oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. This study investigated the concentration-dependent effects of fascaplysin in zebrafish models, focusing on embryonic survival, cardiac function, melanocyte formation, and peripheral nerve health. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to fascaplysin at concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 100 μM, and developmental parameters were assessed.

The Multi-targeted Effect of Fascaplysin on the Proliferation and Dedifferentiation of Schwann Cells Inhibits Peripheral Nerve Degeneration by Blocking CDK4/6 and Androgen Receptor.

Peripheral neurodegenerative diseases induced by irreversible peripheral nerve degeneration (PND), such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, have a high prevalence worldwide and reduce the quality of life. However, there is no agent effective against the irreversible PND. After peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells play an important role in regulating PND.

Effect of Forward and Reverse Suturing on Nerve Regeneration Following Facial Nerve Axotomy.

Background/objectives: When the facial nerve is severed and a nerve graft is required, motor nerves are typically connected in the forward direction, while sensory nerves are connected in the reverse direction. However, there is limited research on the effects of reversing this connection, and no studies have been conducted using the same facial nerve. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward and reverse suturing on nerve regeneration following facial nerve axotomy.

Unique and Shared Molecular Mechanisms of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Identified Through Transcriptomics Data Integration.

Liver cirrhosis is a severe chronic disease that results from various etiological factors and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and non-AC (NAC) arise from prolonged and excessive consumption of alcohol and metabolic syndromes, respectively. Precise molecular mechanisms of AC and NAC are yet to be comprehensively understood for diagnostics and therapeutic advances to materialize.

Multifaceted Excited State Dynamics of Coumarin Dyes Anchored on AlO Film.

The co-facially stacked dyes on semiconductor films serve as an alternative model to elucidate the photo-driven exciton dynamics occurring in a molecular assembly. In this study, we report the unique emission properties of coumarin dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor film, measured by ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence. When a rigid coumarin derivative, 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (OHCCA), is anchored on the AlO film, the dye manifests dual emissions from the two lowest excited states.

Novel Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives Inhibit Peripheral Nerve Degeneration by Targeting Schwann Cells.

Peripheral nerve degeneration (PND) is a preparative process for peripheral nerve regeneration and is regulated by Schwann cells, a unique glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. Dysregulated PND induces irreversible peripheral neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.

Investigation of the Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling Pathway in Schwann Cells during Peripheral Nerve Degeneration: Multi-Omics Approaches.

-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibits peripheral nerve degeneration (PND) by targeting Schwann cells in a hydrogen sulfide (HS)-pathway-dependent manner, but the underlying molecular and pharmacological mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the effect of NEM, an α,β-unsaturated carboxyl compound, on HS signaling in - and -dedifferentiated Schwann cells using global proteomics (LC-MS) and transcriptomics (whole-genome and small RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)) methods. The multi-omics analyses identified several genes and proteins related to oxidative stress, such as , , , , , and .

Long-term outcomes of photodynamic therapy for a positive resection margin after conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3.

Background: Positive resection margins after conization or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (conization/LEEP) are associated with increased risks of recurrence or residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Herein, we investigated the long-term outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for incomplete excision of CIN3.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 73 patients treated with PDT between 2000 and 2011.

Protective and therapeutic effect of (S)-ginsenoside F1 on peripheral nerve degeneration targeting Schwann cells: a pharmaco-neuroanatomical approach.

Damaged peripheral nerves undergo peripheral neurodegenerative processes that are essential for the nerve regeneration. Peripheral neurodegenerative diseases, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy, are induced by irreversible nerve damage caused by abnormal peripheral nerve degeneration. However, until now, there have been no effective therapeutic treatments for these diseases.

Machine Learning Approach for Active Vaccine Safety Monitoring.

Background: Vaccine safety surveillance is important because it is related to vaccine hesitancy, which affects vaccination rate. To increase confidence in vaccination, the active monitoring of vaccine adverse events is important. For effective active surveillance, we developed and verified a machine learning-based active surveillance system using national claim data.

Implementing a multidisciplinary care bundle to reduce colon surgical site infections.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how rates of surgical site infections (SSI) were changed over 2 years after applying colon SSI bundle in patients who underwent colon surgery.

Methods: The multidisciplinary working group developed a care bundle consisting of 8 components, including several recommendations of Surgical Care Improvement Project and monitoring of medical/surgical hand washing. We implemented the care bundle for each patient who underwent colon surgery from April 2013 to December 2014.

Big data differential analysis of microglial cell responses in neurodegenerative diseases.

Microarray technology has become an indispensable tool for monitoring the levels of gene expression in a given organism through organization, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of biological sequences. Importantly, preliminary microarray gene expression differs from experimentally validated gene expression. Generally, microarray analysis of gene expression in microglial cells is used to identify genes in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases; these genes are either upregulated or downregulated.

Potential for therapeutic use of hydrogen sulfide in oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.

Oxidative phosphorylation is a source of energy production by which many cells satisfy their energy requirements. Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of oxidative phosphorylation. ROS are formed due to the inefficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and lead to oxidative stress that affects mitochondrial metabolism.

Therapeutic importance of hydrogen sulfide in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gasotransmitter that acts as an antioxidant and exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions in age-associated diseases. One of the major causes of age-related diseases is oxidative stress. In recent years, the importance of HS has become clear, although its antioxidant function has not yet been fully explored.

Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide is an antioxidant molecule that has a wide range of biological effects against oxidative stress. Balanced oxidative stress is also vital for maintaining cellular function in biological system, where reactive oxygen species are the main source of oxidative stress. When the normal redox balance is disturbed, deoxyribonucleic acid, lipid, and protein molecules are oxidized under pathological conditions, like diabetes mellitus that leads to diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by Ethyl Pyruvate in Schwann Cells Protects Against Peripheral Nerve Degeneration.

Schwann cells are essential glial cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and dysfunction of Schwann cells can induce various peripheral neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in degenerative nerve diseases; however, there no effective molecules are available to inhibit nerve degeneration in peripheral neurodegenerative diseases. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a candidate regulator of oxidative stress, targeting Schwann cells during peripheral nerve degeneration.

Heme Oxygenase 1 in Schwann Cells Regulates Peripheral Nerve Degeneration Against Oxidative Stress.

During Wallerian degeneration, Schwann cells lose their characteristic of myelinating axons and shift into the state of developmental promyelinating cells. This recharacterized Schwann cell guides newly regrowing axons to their destination and remyelinates reinnervated axons. This Schwann cell dynamics during Wallerian degeneration is associated with oxidative events.

The natural plant flavonoid apigenin is a strong antioxidant that effectively delays peripheral neurodegenerative processes.

Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and diabetic neuropathy. Despite the greater capability of peripheral nerves to regenerate compared with those in the brain or spinal cord, chronic oxidative stress leads to irreversible neurodegeneration in peripheral nerves. Thus, many efforts have been made to defend against irreversible peripheral nerve degeneration and oxidative stress.

Methods for Systematic Identification of Membrane Proteins for Specific Capture of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Analysis of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids potentially provides a source of disease biomarkers. At present there is no procedure to systematically identify which antigens should be targeted to differentiate cancer-derived from normal host cell-derived EVs. Here, we propose a computational framework that integrates information about membrane proteins in tumors and normal tissues from databases: UniProt, The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, and the Human Protein Atlas.

Fluorescence-Based Analysis of Noncanonical Functions of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase-Interacting Multifunctional Proteins (AIMPs) in Peripheral Nerves.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) are auxiliary factors involved in protein synthesis related to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs). AIMPs, which are well known as nonenzymatic factors, include AIMP1/p43, AIMP2/p38, and AIMP3/p18. The canonical functions of AIMPs include not only protein synthesis via multisynthetase complexes but also maintenance of the structural stability of these complexes.

Mitophagy links oxidative stress conditions and neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitophagy is activated by a number of stimuli, including hypoxia, energy stress, and increased oxidative phosphorylation activity. Mitophagy is associated with oxidative stress conditions and central neurodegenerative diseases. Proper regulation of mitophagy is crucial for maintaining homeostasis; conversely, inadequate removal of mitochondria through mitophagy leads to the generation of oxidative species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Biogenesis of chloroplast outer envelope membrane proteins.

Most organisms on Earth use glucose, a photosynthetic product, as energy source. The chloroplast, the home of photosynthesis, is the most representative and characteristic organelle in plants and is enclosed by the outer envelope and inner envelope membranes. The chloroplast biogenesis and unique functions are very closely associated with proteins in the two envelope membranes of the chloroplast.

Roles of Gasotransmitters in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.

Synaptic plasticity is important for maintaining normal neuronal activity and proper neuronal functioning in the nervous system. It is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission or electrical signal transduction to neuronal networks, for sharing essential information among neurons, and for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Moreover, changes in synaptic or neural plasticity are associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Antioxidant and Cell-Signaling Functions of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Central Nervous System.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), a toxic gaseous molecule, plays a physiological role in regulating homeostasis and cell signaling. HS is produced from cysteine by enzymes, such as cystathionine -synthase (CBS), cystathionine -lyase (CSE), cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). These enzymes regulate the overall production of HS in the body.