Development of a novel complex inflammatory bowel disease mouse model: Reproducing human inflammatory bowel disease etiologies in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), caused by environmental factors associated with the host's genetic traits, is represented by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite the increasing number of patients with IBD, the current treatment is limited to symptomatic therapy. A complex IBD model mimicking the human IBD etiology is required to overcome this limitation.

Elimination of olfactory sensory neurons by zinc sulfate inoculation prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed global health challenges since it first emerged in 2019, and its impact continues to persist. The neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 remains undisclosed, though researchers are proposing hypotheses on how the virus is transmitted to the central nervous system. One of the prevailing hypotheses is that SARS-CoV-2 travels through the olfactory nerve system via the olfactory epithelium (OE).

A novel chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mouse model induced by intubation-mediated intratracheal co-administration of porcine pancreatic elastase and lipopolysaccharide.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in humans characterized by persistent airway constriction or obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Various methods of inducing COPD in mouse models are frequently used in COPD research; however, these cannot completely reproduce histopathologic lesions. This study aimed to establish a new COPD mouse model that reproduces histopathological lesions closely resembling clinical COPD within a shorter induction time.

Application of machine learning for predicting lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We review and analyze research on the application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to lymph node metastasis (LNM) prediction in patients with T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). Predicting LNM before radical surgery is important in patients with T1 CRC. However, current surgical treatment guidelines are limited.

Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in minimally invasive right hemicolectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Compared with extracorporeal anastomosis (ECA), intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) is expected to provide some benefits, including a shorter operation time and less intraoperative bleeding. Nevertheless, the benefits of ICA have mainly been evaluated in nonrandomized studies. Owing to the recent update of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of right hemicolectomy (RHC), the need to measure the actual effect by synthesizing the outcomes of these studies has emerged.

COVID-19 spike polypeptide vaccine reduces the pathogenesis and viral infection in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes a respiratory disease called COVID-19, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is still ongoing. Vaccination is the most important strategy to end the pandemic. Several vaccines have been approved, as evidenced by the ongoing global pandemic, but the pandemic is far from over and no fully effective vaccine is yet available.

Establishment of multicenter COVID-19 therapeutics preclinical test system in Republic of Korea.

Throughout the recent COVID-19 pandemic, South Korea led national efforts to develop vaccines and therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2. The project proceeded as follows: 1) evaluation system setup (including Animal Biosafety Level 3 (ABSL3) facility alliance, standardized nonclinical evaluation protocol, and laboratory information management system), 2) application (including committee review and selection), and 3) evaluation (including expert judgment and reporting). After receiving 101 applications, the selection committee reviewed pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy data and selected 32 final candidates.

Short-term carcinogenicity study of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in FVB-Trp53 heterozygous mice.

Carcinogenicity tests predict the tumorigenic potential of various substances in the human body by studying tumor induction in experimental animals. There is a need for studies that explore the use of FVB/N-Trp53em2Hwl/Korl (FVB-Trp53+/-) mice, created by TALEN-mediated gene targeting in Korea, in carcinogenicity tests. This study was performed to determine whether FVB-Trp53+/- mice are a suitable model for short-term carcinogenicity studies.

Development of transgenic models susceptible and resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection in FVB background mice.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently spreading globally. To overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, preclinical evaluations of vaccines and therapeutics using K18-hACE2 and CAG-hACE2 transgenic mice are ongoing. However, a comparative study on SARS-CoV-2 infection between K18-hACE2 and CAG-hACE2 mice has not been published.

Laboratory information management system for COVID-19 non-clinical efficacy trial data.

Background: As the number of large-scale studies involving multiple organizations producing data has steadily increased, an integrated system for a common interoperable format is needed. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a number of global efforts are underway to develop vaccines and therapeutics. We are therefore observing an explosion in the proliferation of COVID-19 data, and interoperability is highly requested in multiple institutions participating simultaneously in COVID-19 pandemic research.

Comparison of long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer meeting the expanded criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There have been concerns over the long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer (UD EGC). We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgery for patients with UD EGC.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases through March 2021 to identify studies that compared the long-term outcomes of ESD and surgery for UD EGC meeting expanded criteria for curative resection.

Sonochemical activation in aqueous medium for solid-state synthesis of BaTiO powders.

BaTiO-based oxide compounds are important ceramic materials for multilayer ceramic capacitors. In this paper, we report a sonochemical activation process of BaCO and TiO in an aqueous medium for the synthesis of BaTiO powders through a solid-state process. Owing to the physical and chemical effects of the ultrasonication in aqueous medium on the raw materials, BaTiO powders could be successfully synthesized at relatively low temperatures through a solid-state reaction, which was significantly enhanced as compared to the case in ethanol medium.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy in Patients with Transmural Defects of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

A transmural defect of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) was used for managing UGI defects and showed promising results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of EVT in patients with transmural defects of the UGI tract.

Patient safety educational interventions: A systematic review with recommendations for nurse educators.

Aim: This study identified and evaluated tested patient safety educational interventions. This study also described the content, curricular structures and teaching strategies of the educational interventions and determined the methods used for evaluating patient safety learning outcomes.

Design: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines directed this review.

Detecting serum galactomannan to diagnose acute invasive Aspergillus sinusitis: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The serum galactomannan test has been used for diagnosing acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS), especially invasive Aspergillus. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the test to diagnose acute invasive Aspergillus sinusitis (AIAS).

Methods: We searched all relevant articles published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up until September 14, 2020.

Repeated Pancreatectomy for Isolated Local Recurrence in the Remnant Pancreas Following Radical Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Pooled Analysis.

The mainstream treatment for recurrent pancreatic cancer is potent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. However, recent clinical investigations have suggested a potential oncologic role of local resection of recurrent pancreatic cancer. This systemic review with a pooled analysis aimed to assess the potential role of local repeated pancreatectomy with respect to the survival outcomes for patients with recurrent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the remnant pancreas.