Effect of home-based tongue-strengthening exercise using a portable tool on oropharyngeal muscles in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia: A randomised controlled study.

Background: Tongue-strengthening exercises may be used at home to strengthen swallowing-related oropharyngeal muscles in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a home-based tongue-strengthening exercise (hTSE) using portable tool on swallowing-related oropharyngeal muscles in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia.

Methods: Forth community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia were enrolled in the study.

Effects of resistance expiratory muscle strength training in elderly patients with dysphagic stroke.

Background: Recently, resistance expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) has been reported as a remedial treatment for dysphagia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of resistance EMST on the swallowing function in stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Methods: Forty-two stroke patients with dysphagia were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (n = 13) and a placebo group (n = 13).

Relationship between Physical Examinations and Two-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Findings in Children with Intoeing Gait.

Objective: To evaluate the validity of physical examinations by assessment of correlation between physical examinations and CT measurements in children with intoeing gait and the causes of intoeing gait by age using CT measurements.

Method: Twenty-six children with intoeing gait participated in this study. The internal and external hip rotation, thigh-foot angle and transmalleolar angle were measured.