Sarcopenia diagnosis using skeleton-based gait sequence and foot-pressure image datasets.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a common age-related disease, defined as a decrease in muscle strength and function owing to reduced skeletal muscle. One way to diagnose sarcopenia is through gait analysis and foot-pressure imaging.

Motivation And Research Gap: We collected our own multimodal dataset from 100 subjects, consisting of both foot-pressure and skeleton data with real patients, which provides a unique resource for future studies aimed at more comprehensive analyses.

Successful Multimodal Treatment of Locally Advanced Parathyroid Carcinoma.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy for which the primary treatment is surgery; however, 50% of the patients develop local recurrence or distant metastases. No consensus exists on the standard treatment for metastatic parathyroid cancer. Here we report a case of a 41-year-old male with inoperable locally advanced parathyroid carcinoma who was successfully treated with multimodal therapy including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to the neck, and sorafenib.

The Effects of Nanoplastics on the Dopamine System of Cerebrocortical Neurons.

Nanoplastics (NPx) can enter living organisms, including humans, through ecosystems, inhalation, and dermal contact and can be found from the intestine to the brain. However, it is unclear whether NPx accumulates and affects the dopamine system. In this study, we investigated the effects of NPx on the dopamine system in cultured murine cerebral cortex neurons.

Effects of puerarin on gait disturbance in a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopamine (DA) neuronal dysfunction. Although DA agonists and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists are used to treat PD, chronic use causes severe side effects. Puerarin (PUE) is a natural bioactive compound that affects the DA system; however, its effect on PD-associated motor functions is unknown.

Efficacy and safety of candidate biosimilar CT-P41 versus reference denosumab: a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, Phase 3 trial in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: This 78-week (18-month) study conducted in 479 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis evaluated the efficacy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and immunogenicity of candidate biosimilar CT-P41 relative to US reference denosumab. CT-P41 had equivalent efficacy and pharmacodynamics to US-denosumab, with similar pharmacokinetics and comparable safety and immunogenicity profiles.

Purpose: To demonstrate equivalence of candidate biosimilar CT-P41 and US reference denosumab (US-denosumab) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Effect of nanoplastic intake on the dopamine system during the development of male mice.

Exposure to environmental microplastics has been demonstrated to impact health. However, its effect on development remains unclear. This study investigated whether consumption of nanoplastics (NPx) during development affects social and cognitive functions in rodents.

New investigational drugs for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: a review of the literature.

Introduction: Steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) remains a formidable obstacle in the field of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), significantly contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. The current therapeutic landscape for SR-aGVHD is limited, often yielding suboptimal results, thereby emphasizing the urgent need for innovative and effective treatments.

Areas Covered: In light of the pivotal REACH2 trial, ruxolitinib phosphate, a Janus kinase inhibitor, has gained prominence as the standard treatment for SR-aGVHD.

Association between Weight Changes over a 4-Year Period and Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort.

Background: The relationship between weight change and quality of life remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether changes in body weight among participants in different baseline body mass index categories are associated with physical and mental health functioning.

Methods: We conducted an analysis involving 5,106 adults who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a cohort comprising Korean adults aged 40 to 69 years.

Machine-learning model for predicting depression in second-hand smokers in cross-sectional data using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective: Depression among non-smokers at risk of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure has been a neglected public health concern despite their vulnerability. The objective of this study was to develop high-performance machine-learning (ML) models for the prediction of depression in non-smokers and to identify important predictors of depression for second-hand smokers.

Methods: ML algorithms were created using demographic and clinical data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) participants from 2014, 2016, and 2018 ( = 11,463).

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma: A real-world single-center retrospective review.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is highly curable by surgical excision or radiation. In rare cases, BCC can be locally destructive or difficult to surgically remove. Hedgehog inhibition (HHI) with vismodegib or sonidegib induces a 50-60% response rate.

Customized three-dimensional printed ceramic bone grafts for osseous defects: a prospective randomized study.

Ridge resorption can result in insufficient bone volume for implant surgery, necessitating bone substitutes to restore the resorption area. Recent advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing enable the use of alloplastic bone graft materials with customizable compositions or shapes. This randomized study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a customized three-dimensional (3D) printed alloplastic bone material.

Comparison of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in patients with a history of acute primary angle-closure attack.

Background: To compare the accuracy of nine intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas, including three traditional formulas (SRK/T, Haigis, and Hoffer Q) and six new-generation formulas (Barrett Universal II [BUII], Hill-Radial Basis Function [RBF] 3.0, Kane, Emmetropia verifying optical [EVO], Ladas Super, and Pearl-DGS) in patients who underwent cataract surgery after acute primary angle closure (APAC).

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 44 eyes of 44 patients (APAC) and 60 eyes of 60 patients (control) were included.

Repeatability and Agreement of Chord Mu between Scheimpflug Tomography and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate repeatability and agreement of chord mu between Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam HR) and sweptsource optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLMaster 700).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 63 eyes from 33 patients were included. Chord mu, X and Y Cartesian distances between the corneal vertex and the pupil center (Px and Py), and the pupil diameter were compared using two instruments.

Superoxide dismutase secreting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores attenuate pulmonary fibrosis.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can convert active oxygen to oxygen or hydrogen peroxide, and recent research has suggested that it can protect against lung damage and fibrosis. Clinical applications based on SOD remain limited however due to costs and low stability. We here investigated a potential new therapeutic delivery system for this enzyme in the form of SOD-overexpressing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores which we introduced into a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.

Systemic antibiotics cause deterioration of emphysema associated with exaggerated inflammation and autophagy.

The interaction between the microbial environment and the host is important for immune homeostasis. Recent research suggests that microbiota dysbiosis can be involved in respiratory diseases. Emphysema is a chronic inflammatory disease, but it is unclear whether dysbiosis caused by antibiotics can affect disease progression.

You are not lab rats at teaching hospitals: A systematic review of resident and fellow participation leads to improved colonoscopy.

Background: Participation in colonoscopies is an essential aspect of endoscopic training. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of fellow/trainee participation on colonoscopy outcomes.

Methods: This meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Gut microbiota composition and metabolite profiling in smokers: a comparative study between emphysema and asymptomatic individuals with therapeutic implications.

Background: Diet has a crucial role in the gut microbiota, and dysbiosis in the gut and lungs has been suggested to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We compared the diet, microbiome and metabolome between asymptomatic smokers and those with emphysema.

Methods: We enrolled 10 asymptomatic smokers with preserved lung function and 16 smokers with emphysema with severe airflow limitation.

Is metformin use associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Studies on the association between metformin use and the risk of oesophageal cancer (OC) have generated controversial findings. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to reassess the effects of metformin on OC.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted to select relevant studies from origination to February 2021.

The impact of local staging of prostate cancer determined on MRI or DRE at time of radical prostatectomy on progression-free survival: A Will Rogers phenomenon.

Introduction: We aimed to test whether the current practice of using mpMRI stage might lead to a Will Rogers phenomenon with a stage migration compared to DRE in men undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Material And Methods: A total of 572 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at a single institution (2007-2017) were included. Clinical stage using digital rectal examination was determined on table by the operating surgeon; mpMRI and pathological stage were recorded after tumor board review.

Does aspirin reduce the incidence, recurrence, and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma? A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Purpose: Aspirin has been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. However, previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the relationship between aspirin use and the risk of occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aspirin on clinical outcomes in patients with HCC in a meta-analysis and to explore the possible dose-response relationship.

The impact of ambient air pollution on lung function and respiratory symptoms in elite athletes.

Background: Air pollution has become a significant public health concern. During exercise, many physiological factors are thought to increase the effects of air pollution. Air pollution most affects lung function and respiratory symptoms.

Identification and Verification of Potential Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer By Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer with high mortality. This study aimed to identify its differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using bioinformatics methods. DEGs were screened from four GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) gene expression profiles.