Surgical strategy in lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: A population-based study.

Background: The extent of parathyroidectomy (PTX) recommendation in patients with lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LAH) remains controversial. The primary objectives of this study were to analyze extent of surgery, complications, and long-term outcomes.

Methods: A population-based study, including all primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients who underwent PTX in Sweden between 2008 and 2017.

Observational study of selective screening for prediabetes and diabetes in a real-world setting: an interprofessional collaboration method between public dental services and primary health care in Sweden.

Objective: Describe a method in a real-world setting to identify persons with undiagnosed prediabetes and type 2 diabetes through an interprofessional collaboration between Public Dental Services and Primary Health Care in Regions Stockholm.

Design: A descriptive observational study.

Setting: The study was conducted at seven sites in the region of Stockholm, Sweden.

Risk factors for recurrent disease in small papillary thyroid cancers - a Swedish register-based study.

Aims: To study the correlation between clinicopathological risk factors and the risk for intervention-requiring cancer recurrence in patients with small papillary thyroid cancers (sPTCs).

Materials And Methods: Records for 397 patients with sPTC (T1 ≤ 20mm) were obtained from the Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Surgery (SQRTPA) between 2010 and 2016. Follow-up time was at least 5 years.

Effect of a mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the effect of a fluoride mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Methods: In this 3-armed, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, patients referred to the Specialist Clinic of Orthodontics, Mölndal, Sweden, were randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 groups. (1) Fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) group: 0.

Change in Practice of Radioactive Iodine Administration in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Centre Experience.

Objective: Our study aimed to analyse temporal trends in radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid cancer over the past decade; to analyse key factors associated with clinical decisions in RAI dosing; and to confirm lower activities of RAI for low-risk patients were not associated with an increased risk of recurrence.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1,323 patients who received RAI at a quaternary centre in Australia between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Prospectively collected data included age, gender, histology, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (7th ed).

Prophylactic central lymph node dissection informs the decision of radioactive iodine ablation in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is controversial. We aimed to investigate if prophylactic CLND aids risk stratification and contributes to the decision for postoperative RAI ablation.

Methods: Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for PTC and prophylactic CLND were identified from an endocrine surgical unit database.

Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management.

The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets.

Biochemistry may be misleading in metachronous MEN2A-associated phaeochromocytoma following unilateral total adrenalectomy.

A 63-year-old woman with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) presented with recurrent spells of headaches, sweats and palpitations decades after right adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma, and total thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid cancer. She was hypertensive and in sinus rhythm. DOTA-TATE positron-emission tomography (PET) demonstrated a 12mm enhancing left adrenal incidentaloma.

Validation of caries risk assessment methods in orthodontic patients.

Introduction: Dental caries is an undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Caries lesions can result in long-term esthetic disturbance, costly interventions, and even interrupted treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to assess accurately both a patient's caries risk before treatment and their suitability for orthodontic treatment.

Short-term low-calorie diet remodels skeletal muscle lipid profile and metabolic gene expression in obese adults.

Diet intervention in obese adults is the first strategy to induce weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that improvements in insulin sensitivity after weight loss from a short-term dietary intervention tracks with alterations in expression of metabolic genes and abundance of specific lipid species. Eight obese, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic adults were recruited to participate in a 3-wk low-calorie diet intervention cohort study (1,000 kcal/day).

Effects of orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens on numbers of cariogenic bacteria and caries risk: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Caries is an undesirable side-effect of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens affect caries risk and individual risk factors.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens on caries risk and caries risk factors, including cariogenic bacteria.

IL6 and LIF mRNA expression in skeletal muscle is regulated by AMPK and the transcription factors NFYC, ZBTB14, and SP1.

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls glucose and lipid metabolism and modulates inflammatory responses to maintain metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis during low cellular energy levels. The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) interferes with inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms are undefined. We hypothesized that AMPK activation reduces cytokine mRNA levels by blocking transcription through one or several transcription factors.

FAK tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by AMPK and controls metabolism in human skeletal muscle.

Aims/hypothesis: Insulin-mediated signals and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated signals are activated in response to physiological conditions that represent energy abundance and shortage, respectively. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is implicated in insulin signalling and cancer progression in various non-muscle cell types and plays a regulatory role during skeletal muscle differentiation. The role of FAK in skeletal muscle in relation to insulin stimulation or AMPK activation is unknown.

Insulin and Glucose Alter Death-Associated Protein Kinase 3 (DAPK3) DNA Methylation in Human Skeletal Muscle.

DNA methylation is altered by environmental factors. We hypothesized that DNA methylation is altered in skeletal muscle in response to either insulin or glucose exposure. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in muscle from healthy men before and after insulin exposure.

Altered promoter methylation of PDK4, IL1 B, IL6, and TNF after Roux-en Y gastric bypass.

Background: Early benefits of Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are partly mediated by the caloric restriction that patients undergo before and acutely after the procedure. Altered DNA methylation occurs in metabolic diseases including obesity, as well as in skeletal, muscle eight months after RYGB. The objective of this study was to test whether promoter methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1 A), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme-4 (PDK4), transcription factor A (TFAM), interleukin-1 beta (IL1 B), interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is altered in blood after a very low calorie diet (VLCD) or RYGB.

Downregulation of diacylglycerol kinase delta contributes to hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance.

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder arising from genetic and environmental factors that impair beta cell function and insulin action in peripheral tissues. We identified reduced diacylglycerol kinase delta (DGKdelta) expression and DGK activity in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients. In diabetic animals, reduced DGKdelta protein and DGK kinase activity were restored upon correction of glycemia.

MEF2 activation in differentiated primary human skeletal muscle cultures requires coordinated involvement of parallel pathways.

The myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2 transcription factor is important for development of differentiated skeletal muscle. We investigated the regulation of MEF2 DNA binding in differentiated primary human skeletal muscle cells and isolated rat skeletal muscle after exposure to various stimuli. MEF2 DNA binding activity in nonstimulated (basal) muscle cultures was almost undetectable.