Advanced Characterization of Solid-State Battery Materials Using Neutron Scattering Techniques.

Advanced batteries require advanced characterization techniques, and neutron scattering is one of the most powerful experimental methods available for studying next-generation battery materials. Neutron scattering offers a non-destructive method to probe the complex structural and chemical processes occurring in batteries during operation in truly in situ/in operando measurements with a high sensitivity to battery-relevant elements such as lithium. Neutrons have energies comparable to the energies of excitations in materials and wavelengths comparable to atomic distances in the solid state, thus giving access to study structural and dynamical properties of materials on an atomic scale.

Climbing the longevity pyramid: overview of evidence-driven healthcare prevention strategies for human longevity.

Longevity medicine is an emerging and iterative healthcare discipline focusing on early detection, preventive measures, and personalized approaches that aim to extend healthy lifespan and promote healthy aging. This comprehensive review introduces the innovative concept of the "." This conceptual framework delineates progressive intervention levels, providing a structured approach to understanding the diverse strategies available in longevity medicine.

Small-molecule disruption of androgen receptor-dependent chromatin clusters.

Sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling during relapse is a central driver of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current AR antagonists, such as enzalutamide, fail to provide long-term benefit for the mCRPC patients who have dramatic increases in AR expression. Here, we report AR antagonists with efficacy in AR-overexpressing models.

Validation of capture reactions cross sections in Cf(s.f.) neutron field.

We have investigated following capture reactions: Au(n,g)Au, Cu(n,g)Cu, Sc(n,g)Sc, Ta(n,g)Ta, Ce(n,g)Ce, La(n,g)La, Yb(n,g)Yb, Mn(n,g)Mn, and Pr(n,g)Pr in a standard Cf(s.f.) neutron field.

The impact of cross-linker distribution on magnetic nanogels: encapsulation, transport and controlled release of the tracer.

Magnetic nanogels (MNGs) are highly attractive for biomedical applications because of their potential for remote control of the rheology and internal structure of these soft colloids with biocompatible magnetic fields. In this contribution, using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the impact of the cross-linker distribution in the body of a MNG on the shape and magnetic response to constant and AC magnetic fields and relate those properties to the behaviour of non-magnetic tracers placed in the MNGs and left to escape. We find that if no AC magnetic field is applied, although the escape times of the tracer particles barely depend on morphology, the highest degree of subdiffusion is observed for the gels with a non-uniform cross-linkerer distribution.

Measurement of neutron spectra in spent fuel storage.

The neutron spectrum was measured at two locations in the spent fuel storage facility of the Temelín nuclear power plant. The measurement had two primary objectives: to map the neutron -γ field by quantifying the ambient dose equivalent H∗(10) and to identify methods that could improve the quality of the adjusted neutron spectrum using a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS). Three spectrometers were used: a BSS and two proton recoil spectrometers.

Exploring Kleefstra syndrome cohort phenotype characteristics: Prevalence insights from caregiver-reported outcomes.

Kleefstra syndrome (KLEFS1) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder affecting multiple body systems. It continues to be under-researched, and its prevalence remains unknown. This paper builds on the international KLEFS1 cohort of 172 individuals based on the caregiver-reported outcomes collected within the online data collection platform GenIDA and reports the occurrence, frequency and severity of symptoms in KLEFS1.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in US Anesthesiology Residency Matching.

Background: Patient outcomes are improved with physician-patient gender, racial, and ethnic concordance. However, female, Black, Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islander (NH-PI), and American Indian-Native Alaskan (AI-AN) physicians are underrepresented in anesthesiology. The American Association of Medical Colleges 2018 Diversity in Medicine Report revealed that women comprise only 35% of anesthesiologists yet nearly half of medical school graduates are women.

Geometric Tuning of Coordinatively Unsaturated Copper(I) Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Ambient-Temperature Hydrogen Storage.

Porous solids can accommodate and release molecular hydrogen readily, making them attractive for minimizing the energy requirements for hydrogen storage relative to physical storage systems. However, H adsorption enthalpies in such materials are generally weak (-3 to -7 kJ/mol), lowering capacities at ambient temperature. Metal-organic frameworks with well-defined structures and synthetic modularity could allow for tuning adsorbent-H interactions for ambient-temperature storage.

The role of cGAS in epithelial dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal malignancies.

The gastrointestinal tract is lined by an epithelial monolayer responsible for selective permeability and absorption, as well as protection against harmful luminal contents. Recognition of foreign or aberrant DNA within these epithelial cells is, in part, regulated by pattern recognition receptors such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). cGAS binds double-stranded DNA from exogenous and endogenous sources, resulting in the activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and a type 1 interferon response.

Acquired Risk Factors that Influence Risk for Dementia and Possibly Alzheimer Disease.

Various medicinal agents aimed at improving Alzheimer disease (AD) include cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, aducanumab, and antioxidants. These medications are typically prescribed once AD is diagnosed in the clinical setting in order to slow progression. Though initiating treatment after being diagnosed with AD is important, significance should be placed on recognizing known acquired risk factors in order to potentially decrease the likelihood of developing dementia and perhaps specifically AD.

Point-of-care isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests: progress and bottlenecks for extraction-free sample collection and preparation.

Introduction: Suitable sample collection and preparation methods are essential to enable nucleic acid amplification testing at the point of care (POC). Strategies that allow direct isothermal nucleic acid amplification testing (iNAAT) of crude sample lysate without the need for nucleic acid extraction minimize time to result as well as the need for operator expertise and costly infrastructure.

Areas Covered: The authors review research to understand how sample matrix and preparation affect the design and performance of POC iNAATs.

The spectrum-averaged cross section investigation of Sn(n,n')Sn and Zn(n,p)Cu reactions.

The spectrum averaged cross sections (SACS) in standard neutron field, e.g. Cf(s.

Measuring Intermolecular Excited State Geometry for Favorable Singlet Fission in Tetracene.

Singlet fission (SF) is the process of converting an excited singlet to a pair of excited triplets. Harvesting two charges from a single photon has the potential to increase photovoltaic device efficiencies. Acenes, such as tetracene and pentacene, are model molecules for studying SF.

Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from wastewater via aerosol capture.

The widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-containing products in numerous commercial and industrial applications has resulted in their occurrence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Herein, proof-of-concept bench-scale experiments were performed to measure the extent to which PFAS could be removed from a WWTP if aerosols generated during aeration were captured. Experiments were designed to mimic the aeration rate:water volume ratio, the water volume:surface area ratio, and aeration bubble size applicable to the full-scale aeration vessel.

Germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes among pediatric patients with cancer and congenital anomalies.

Background: Childhood cancer has a poorly known etiology, and investigating the underlying genetic background may provide novel insights. A recognized association exists between non-chromosomal birth defects and childhood cancer susceptibility.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis in a cohort of childhood cancer (22 individuals, 50% with congenital anomalies) to unravel deleterious germline variants.

Relating the length of a magnetic filament with solvophobic, superparamagnetic colloids to its properties in applied magnetic fields.

The idea of creating polymer-like structures by crosslinking magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) opened an alternative perspective on controlling the rheological properties of magnetoresponsive systems, because unlike suspensions of self-assembled MNPs, whose cluster sizes are sensitive to temperature, magnetic filaments (MFs) preserve their initial topology. Considering the length scales characteristic of single-domain nanoparticles used to create MFs, the MNPs can be both ferro- and superparamagnetic. Moreover, steric or electrostatic stabilization might not fully screen van der Waals interactions.

Applications of Interpedicular Distance and Anteroposterior Diameter in the Approximation of the Spinal Canal Area.

Introduction:  Advancements within the field of medicine revolve around increasing the efficiency of diagnosing and subsequently treating patients. One such advancement is measurements of the central canal using artificial intelligence (AI). The authors propose the possibility of AI measuring two linear distances followed by a subsequent approximation via an area equation.

Compact, portable, automatic sample changer stick for cryostats and closed-cycle refrigerators.

Beamlines are facilities that produce and deliver highly focused and intense beams of radiation, typically x rays, synchrotron radiation, or neutrons, for scientific research purposes. Millions of dollars are spent annually to maintain and operate these scientific beamlines, oftentimes running continuously between cycles. To reduce human intervention and improve productivity, mechanical sample changers are often commissioned for use.

Nurse Practitioner Care Compared with Primary Care or Nephrologist Care in Early CKD.

Background: Early interventions in CKD have been shown to improve health outcomes; however, gaps in access to nephrology care remain common. Nurse practitioners can improve access to care; however, the quality and outcomes of nurse practitioner care for CKD are uncertain.

Methods: In this propensity score-matched cohort study, patients with CKD meeting criteria for nurse practitioner care were matched 1:1 on their propensity scores for ( 1 ) nurse practitioner care versus primary care alone and ( 2 ) nurse practitioner versus nephrologist care.

A novel tailed primer nucleic acid test for detection of HPV 16, 18 and 45 DNA at the point of care.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women in low-resource settings despite being preventable through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, early detection, and treatment of precancerous lesions. The World Health Organization recommends high-risk HPV (hrHPV) as the preferred cervical cancer screening strategy, which is difficult to implement in low-resource settings due to high costs, reliance on centralized laboratory infrastructure, and long sample-to-answer times. To help meet the need for rapid, low-cost, and decentralized cervical cancer screening, we developed tailed primer isothermal amplification and lateral flow detection assays for HPV16, HPV18, and HPV45 DNA.

Sponge functional roles in a changing world.

Sponges are ecologically important benthic organisms with many important functional roles. However, despite increasing global interest in the functions that sponges perform, there has been limited focus on how such functions will be impacted by different anthropogenic stressors. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in our understanding of the functional roles of sponges over the last 15 years and consider the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on these roles.

Epithelial NAD depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation.

Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear.

Methods: Mice (male; C57Bl/6, /+; mice, and ) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside.