Climate refugia in the Great Barrier Reef may endure into the future.

Although global warming is leading to more frequent mass coral bleaching events worldwide, parts of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have consistently escaped severe coral bleaching. Modeling and satellite observations show that climate refugia are created by the upwelling of cooler water to the surface through the interactions of tides and currents with dense reef structures. Here, we use a high-resolution nested regional ocean model to investigate the future status of two relatively large refugia.

Lysosomes drive the piecemeal removal of mitochondrial inner membrane.

Mitochondrial membranes define distinct structural and functional compartments. Cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) function as independent bioenergetic units that undergo rapid and transient remodelling, but the significance of this compartmentalized organization is unknown. Using super-resolution microscopy, here we show that cytosolic IMM vesicles, devoid of outer mitochondrial membrane or mitochondrial matrix, are formed during resting state.

Updated joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents (2023).

Background: Evolving epidemiological data and increasing antibiotic resistance mandate an update of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines.

Methods: Certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated by experts according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. PICO (patient population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) questions were developed and voted on by the group.

Social Determinants of Health Research at NIMHD: An Analysis of Studies Funded During 2019-2023.

Introduction: Social determinants of health (SDOH) contribute to differences in health outcomes and exacerbate health disparities. This study characterizes the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities' (NIMHD) portfolio of funded grants in SDOH research, identifies gaps, and provides suggestions for future research.

Methods: Using the National Institutes of Health's SDOH Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization, research projects funded from 2019 to 2023 were identified and linked with NIMHD's internal coding system to extract in-depth study characteristics, including sociodemographics of study participants, disease and condition focus, and alignment with strategic priorities.

A paradigm shift in understanding vulvovaginal melanoma as a distinct tumor type compared with cutaneous melanoma.

Objective: Our goal was to compare molecular and immune profiles of vulvovaginal melanoma (VVM) with cutaneous melanoma (CM) and explore the significance of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) agents on survival.

Methods: Samples from VVM and CM tumors underwent comprehensive molecular and immune profiling. Treatment and survival data were extracted from insurance claims data and OS was calculated from time of ICI treatment to last contact.

Disease progression, survival, and molecular disparities in Black and White patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma in real-world registries and GOG/NRG oncology randomized phase III clinical trials.

Objective: Investigate racial disparities in outcomes and molecular features in Black and White patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC).

Methods: Black and White patients diagnosed with EEC who underwent hysterectomy ± adjuvant treatment in SEER, National Cancer Database (NCDB), the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) project (v.13.

The PhenX Toolkit: Recommended Measurement Protocols for Social Determinants of Health Research.

Health disparities are driven by unequal conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, commonly termed the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). The availability of recommended measurement protocols for SDoH will enable investigators to consistently collect data for SDoH constructs. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit is a web-based catalog of recommended measurement protocols for use in research studies with human participants.

Survival disparities in non-Hispanic Black and White cervical cancer patients vary by histology and are largely explained by modifiable factors.

Purpose: We investigated racial disparities in survival by histology in cervical cancer and examined the factors contributing to these disparities.

Methods: Non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White (hereafter known as Black and White) patients with stage I-IV cervical carcinoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 in the National Cancer Database were studied. Survival differences were compared using Cox modeling to estimate hazard ratio (HR) or adjusted HR (AHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Molecular profiling of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: Identifying therapeutic targets.

Objective: The treatment for high risk or recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a highly toxic multi-agent chemotherapy. For patients with progressive or recurrent GTN, checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated anti-tumor activity; however, identification of novel therapies for GTN remain an unmet need. Therefore, we sought to characterize the molecular landscape of GTN to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Racial, ethnic and country of origin disparities in aggressive endometrial cancer histologic subtypes.

Objective: This study investigated the risk of an aggressive endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosis by race, ethnicity, and country of origin to further elucidate histologic disparities in non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) vs. non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, particularly in Hispanic or API subgroups.

Methods: Patient diagnosed between 2004 and 2020 with low grade (LG)-endometrioid endometrial cancer (ECC) or an aggressive EC including grade 3 EEC, serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, mixed epithelial carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma in the National Cancer Database were studied.

Urban Thirst and Rural Water: The Saga of the Southern Nevada Groundwater Development Project.

In 1989, the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) launched the Southern Nevada Groundwater Development Project-a bold plan to construct a series of deep wells in east-central Nevada to pump groundwater and send it to the Las Vegas region through 300 miles of pipeline. Before starting work on the project, SNWA conducted an environmental impact study and secured water rights in the valleys. Applications for additional new water rights were filed with Nevada State Engineer on the basis of uncaptured evapotranspiration.

The chemorepellent, SLIT2, bolsters innate immunity against .

Neutrophils are essential for host defense against (). The neuro-repellent, SLIT2, potently inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis, and might, therefore, be expected to impair antibacterial responses. We report here that, unexpectedly, neutrophils exposed to the N-terminal SLIT2 (N-SLIT2) fragment kill extracellular more efficiently.

Community engagement group model in basic and biomedical research: lessons learned from the BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory towards an HIV-1 cure.

Introduction: Achieving effective community engagement has been an objective of U.S. National Institutes of Health-funded HIV research efforts, including participation of persons with HIV.

Factors Associated With Survival Disparities Between Non-Hispanic Black and White Patients With Uterine Cancer.

Importance: Disparities in survival exist between non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) and non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) patients with uterine cancer.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with racial disparities in survival between Black and White patients with uterine cancer.

Design, Setting, And Patients: This cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database on 274 838 Black and White patients who received a diagnosis of uterine cancer from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2017, with follow-up through December 2020.

HER2+ endometrioid endometrial cancer possesses distinct molecular and immunologic features associated with a more active immune microenvironment and worse prognosis.

Objective: HER2 status is not routinely evaluated in endometrioid endometrial cancer (E-EMCA), though it is frequently overexpressed or amplified in high grade E-EMCA and uterine serous carcinoma. Defining characteristics and survival outcomes of HER2+ E-EMCA could reveal subsets of patients who may benefit from targeted therapies.

Methods: 2927 E-EMCA tumors from the Caris Life Sciences database were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and whole exome sequencing, whole transcriptome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry for molecular and genomic features in a CLIA/CAP-certified laboratory (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ).

The PhenX Toolkit: Measurement Protocols for Assessment of Social Determinants of Health.

Introduction: Social determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality of life, and health outcomes. The adoption of recommended, standard measurement protocols for social determinants of health will advance the science of minority health and health disparities research and provide standard social determinants of health protocols for inclusion in all studies with human participants.

Methods: A PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Working Group of social determinants of health experts was convened from October 2018 to May 2020 and followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend social determinants of health measurement protocols.

Codevelopment and usability testing of Patient Engagement 101: a Patient-Oriented Research Curriculum in Child Health e-learning module for health care professionals, researchers and trainees.

Background: Patient and family engagement is thought to improve the quality and relevance of child health research. We developed and evaluated the usability of Patient Engagement 101, an e-learning module designed to strengthen the patient-oriented research readiness of health care professionals, researchers, trainees and other stakeholders.

Methods: The development of Patient Engagement 101 was co-led by a parent and a researcher and overseen by a diverse multistake-holder steering committee.

HER2 in Uterine Serous Carcinoma: Testing platforms and implications for targeted therapy.

Objective: HER2 is an important prognostic and therapeutic target in uterine serous carcinoma (USC). Optimal HER2 testing platforms have not been defined and guidelines for testing have changed over time. Our objective is to assess the concordance of HER2 positivity based on chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and next generation sequencing (NGS) and to determine the rate of downstream mutations that may affect response to HER2 directed therapy.