EMMPRIN in extracellular vesicles from peritoneal mesothelial cells stimulates the invasion activity of diffuse-type gastric cancer cells.

Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) results in extremely poor prognoses. The peritoneal cavity is covered by a monolayer of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). Interactions between GC cells and PMCs might play a pivotal role in peritoneal metastasis.

Presence of decoy cells for 6 months on urine cytology efficiently predicts BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between duration of consecutive presence of decoy cells on urine cytology and BK virus nephropathy after kidney transplantation.

Methods: In total, 121 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively evaluated. The best duration of consecutive presence of decoy cells that could be used to predict BK virus nephropathy was analyzed using the area under the curve for each duration, and recipients were divided into two groups based on the best predictive performance.

Spatial variations in radiocesium deposition and litter-soil distribution in a mountainous forest catchment affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident.

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused serious Cs contamination in mountainous forest areas. To understand the spatial variation in soil Cs inventory in complex mountainous topography and the influencing factors, a whole-area investigation of Cs deposition in a broad-leaved forest catchment of a mountain stream was conducted using grid sampling. Across the catchment, organic and surface mineral soil layers were collected at 42 locations in 2013 and 6 locations in 2015.

Limitations and usefulness of biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of metastatic bone and soft tissue tumors.

Background: Biopsies are widely used for diagnosing metastatic tumors in the bone and soft tissues; however, their usefulness and limitations remain unclear.

Patients And Methods: Biopsies of patients (13 men, 8 women, mean age 76 years) with metastatic tumors in the bone (19 patients) and soft tissues (2 patients) were reviewed retrospectively. Investigators surveyed the lesion sites, medical histories, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS), biopsy sites, methods, comorbidities, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes.

Overlapping distributions of mammalian types I, II, and III taste cell markers in chicken taste buds.

Mammalian taste buds comprise types I, II, and III taste cells, with each type having specific characteristics: glia-like supporting cells (type I), taste receptor cells (type II), and presynaptic cells (type III). In this study, to characterize the peripheral taste-sensing systems in chickens, we analyzed the distributions of the mammalian types I, II, and III taste cell markers in chicken taste buds: glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) for type I; taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3 (T1R1 and T1R3), taste receptor type 2 member 7 (T2R7), and α-gustducin for type II; and synaptosomal protein 25 (SNAP25) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for type III. We found that most GLAST taste cells expressed α-gustducin and SNAP25 and that high percentages of T1R3 or α-gustducin taste cells expressed SNAP25 and NCAM.

Microvascular Decompression for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia in the Semi-Sitting Position: A Report of Two Cases.

The semi-sitting position is well known to neurosurgeons. However, there are few reports of microvascular decompression surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia performed using the semi-sitting position. The semi-sitting position is not widely adopted in Japan, but it is considered to be a very useful neurosurgical position.

The clinicopathologic significance of Tks5 expression of peritoneal mesothelial cells in gastric cancer patients.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) patients frequently develop peritoneal metastasis. Recently, it has been reported that peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) activated by GC cells acquire a migratory capacity and promote GC cell invasion. The invasiveness of PMCs reportedly depends on the activity of Tks5, an adaptor protein required for invadopodia formation.

The impact of ossification spread on cervical spine function in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a progressive disease. The bridging of ossified lesions to the vertebral body gradually increases, thereby decreasing the mobility of the cervical spine; thus, cervical spine function may decrease over time. However, cervical spine function in patients with cervical OPLL has not been evaluated in large prospective studies.

Characterization of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression in soft tissue sarcomas.

Inhibitors of the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint system are used for treating various malignancies. However, evidence on their use in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is limited. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and related antigens in STS, and their association with clinical characteristics.

A Case of Metastatic Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient-like Renal Cell Carcinoma Successfully Managed by Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab.

We report a 62-year-old male with metastatic fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) without fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation (FH-deficient-like RCC). The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk score was intermediate, and immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab (Ipi/ Nivo) was initiated. Four cycles of Ipi/Nivo and 5 cycles of nivolumab resulted in a complete response of the metastases.

Role of the transcriptional regulator SP140 in resistance to bacterial infections via repression of type I interferons.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for anti-viral immunity, but often impair protective immune responses during bacterial infections. An important question is how type I IFNs are strongly induced during viral infections, and yet are appropriately restrained during bacterial infections. The () locus in mice confers resistance to diverse bacterial infections.

Correction: A straightforward approach to antibodies recognising cancer specific glycopeptidic neoepitopes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0SC00317D.].

The umami receptor T1R1-T1R3 heterodimer is rarely formed in chickens.

The characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the taste-sensing system of chickens will add to our understanding of their feeding behaviors in poultry farming. In the mammalian taste system, the heterodimer of taste receptor type 1 members 1/3 (T1R1/T1R3) functions as an umami (amino acid) taste receptor. Here, we analyzed the expression patterns of T1R1 and T1R3 in the taste cells of chickens, labeled by the molecular markers for chicken taste buds (vimentin and α-gustducin).

[Choroidal metastasis from gastric cancer 8 years after surgery].

A man in his 50s underwent total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer 8 years ago. The pathological stage was pT3N3bM0, pStage IIIC. He took tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium (S-1) as adjuvant chemotherapy for the next 3 years at his own request.

Feasible kidney donation with living marginal donors, including diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To compare the donor outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation between standard donors (SDs) and marginal donors (MDs) including diabetic patients (MD + DM).

Methods: MDs were defined according to Japanese guideline criteria: (a) age >70-years, (b) blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg on hypertension medicine, (c) body mass index >25 to ≤32 kg/m , (d) 24-h creatinine clearance ≥70 to <80 ml/min/1.73 m , and (e) hemoglobin A1c > 6.

The characteristics of the young patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is characterized by heterotopic bone formation in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Although the patients with OPLL are more common in the 60s and 70s, we know that there are markedly young patients (e.g.

Comparison of intracorporeal versus extracorporeal urinary diversion after robot-assisted radical cystectomy at a medium-sized facility.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the perioperative outcomes and learning curves between intracorporeal and extracorporeal urinary diversion at our medium-sized institution.

Methods: Between January 2018 and September 2020, a single surgeon at our institution performed 46 consecutive robot-assisted radical cystectomies with ileal conduit. We compared the perioperative outcomes between patients who underwent intracorporeal versus extracorporeal urinary diversion.

Real-World Evidence of the Incidence of and Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism as Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Programmed Cell Death-1 Inhibitors.

Objective: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and hypothyroidism as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) after programmed cell death-1 inhibitor (PD-1i) administration has not yet been sufficiently evaluated in a real clinical setting. To assess the incidence of T1DM and hypothyroidism among PD-1is and to identify the risk factors associated with hypothyroidism using a large claims database.

Methods: This cohort study used the Shizuoka Kokuho database in Japan from 2012 to 2018, including approximately 2.

Role of rotavirus vaccination on G9P[8] rotavirus strain during a seasonal outbreak in Japan.

Although two live oral rotavirus (RV) vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, play a critical role toward reducing disease severity, hospitalization, and death rate in RV infections, regular monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (VE) is yet necessary because the segmented genome structure and reassortment capability of RVs pose considerable threats toward waning VE. In this study, we examined the VE by a test-negative study design against G9P[8]I2 strain during a seasonal outbreak in February-May, 2018, in an outpatient clinic in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It remains important because G9P[8]I2 strain remains partially heterotypic to these vaccines and predominating in post-vaccination era.

Risk factor analysis for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment for colonic diverticular bleeding with stigmata of recent hemorrhage.

Background And Aim: Colonic diverticular bleeding is a common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis is generally selected as the first-line treatment; however, a considerable number of patients experience early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment. We investigated the risk factors for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment.