Spontaneous Anthropocentric Language Use in University Students' Explanations of Biological Concepts Varies by Topic and Predicts Misconception Agreement.

Previous research has shown that students employ intuitive thinking when understanding scientific concepts. Three types of intuitive thinking-essentialist, teleological, and anthropic thinking-are used in biology learning and can lead to misconceptions. However, it is unknown how commonly these types of intuitive thinking, or cognitive construals, are used spontaneously in students' explanations across biological concepts and whether this usage is related to endorsement of construal-consistent misconceptions.

Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels.

In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease.

Information-based group sequential design for post-market safety monitoring of medical products using real world data.

Real world healthcare data are commonly used in post-market safety monitoring studies to address potential safety issues related to newly approved medical products. Such studies typically involve repeated evaluations of accumulating safety data with respect to pre-defined hypotheses, for which the group sequential design provides a rigorous and flexible statistical framework. A major challenge in designing a group sequential safety monitoring study is the uncertainty associated with product uptake, which makes it difficult to specify the final sample size or maximum duration of the study.

Sintered fluorapatite scaffolds as an autograft-like engineered bone graft.

Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based materials are widely used as bone substitutes due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bio-absorption properties. However, HA scaffolds lack compressive strength when compared to autograft bone. It has been shown that the fluoridated form of HA, fluorapatite (FA), can be sintered to obtain this desired strength as well as slower degradation properties.

Skin Cancer Awareness and Knowledge About Sun Protection Practices in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Patient Survey Study.

Background: Adequate sun protection practices in chronically immunosuppressed patients can minimize the burden of the most common type of skin cancer in this population. In addition, early recognition of skin cancer by patients can lead to decreased morbidity, and possibly mortality from the disease. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the knowledge of sun protection measures and early recognition of skin cancer.

Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels.

Unlabelled: In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease.

Cardiovascular Safety in Postmenopausal Women and Men With Osteoporosis Treated With Denosumab and Zoledronic Acid: A Post-Authorization Safety Study.

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are common in older adults. Treatment of osteoporosis reduces the burden of debilitating fractures; however, it is important to understand the benefit versus risk of treatment. This study evaluates the risk of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and myocardial infarction (MI) among postmenopausal women and men initiating osteoporosis treatment with denosumab (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand [RANKL] inhibitor) or zoledronic acid (bisphosphonate) between October 2010 and June 2019.

Tympanomastoidectomy versus parenteral antibiotic therapy for pediatric otorrhea.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tympanomastoidectomy versus parenteral antibiotic therapy for otorrhea as a result of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) without cholesteatoma in the pediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective review of 221 patients treated for otorrhea at a tertiary academic pediatric hospital was performed to evaluate the impact of tympanomastoidectomy versus parenteral antibiotic therapy on resolution of otorrhea. Inclusion criteria were age 0-18 years, prior treatment with otic and/or oral antibiotic, prior history of tympanostomy tube placement for recurrent otitis media, history of otorrhea, treatment with tympanomastoidectomy or parenteral antibiotic therapy, and follow-up of at least 1 month after intervention.

Can Ganciclovir and Quercetin-P188 Ameliorate Cytomegalovirus Induced Hearing Loss?

Objective: Determine whether combination therapy with ganciclovir (GCV) and a Quercetin-P188 solution improves hearing outcomes in a murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) model.

Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with murine CMV on postnatal day 3 (p3). Quercetin was solubilized in saline using P188 (QP188).

Surgical Site Infections During the Pandemic: The Impact of the "COVID Bundle".

Background: A reduction in surgical site infections (SSIs) has been reported in several discrete patient populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, this study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SSI in a large patient cohort incorporating multiple surgical disciplines. We hypothesize that enhanced infection control and heightened awareness of such measures is analogous to an SSI care bundle, the hypothetical "COVID bundle", and may impact SSI rates.

Hearing Following Prolonged and Delayed Ganciclovir Treatment in a Murine Cytomegalovirus Model.

Objective: Compare hearing outcomes utilizing standard, prolonged and delayed ganciclovir (GCV) therapy in a murine model of cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Methods: BALB/c mice were inoculated with mouse cytomegalovirus (mCMV) or saline via intracerebral injection on postnatal day 3 (p3). Intraperitoneal GCV or saline was administered at 12 h intervals for the duration of the standard (p3-p17), delayed (p30-p44), or prolonged treatment windows (p3-p31).

Comparing Aerosol Generation in Human and Animal Tissues During Common Otolaryngology Procedures.

Objective: To determine whether hamster and human tissues generate similar amounts of aerosolized particles using common otolaryngology surgical techniques.

Study Design: Quantitative experimental research.

Study Setting: University research laboratory.

Probing the Chemical Bond between Lanthanides and Carbon: CeC, PrC, NdC, LuC, and TmC.

Resonant two-photon ionization experiments have been conducted to probe the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the lanthanide-carbon bond, allowing the BDEs of CeC, PrC, NdC, LuC, and Tm-C to be measured to high precision. Values of (CeC) = 4.893(3) eV, (PrC) = 4.

Controlling for Differential Regression-To-The-Mean via Propensity Scores: A Simulation Study.

Purpose: Regression-to-the-mean (RTM) is a statistical phenomenon that may occur in epidemiologic studies where inclusion in the study cohort is contingent upon experiencing a laboratory/clinical measurement beyond a defined threshold. When differential across treatment groups, RTM could bias the final study estimate. This poses substantial challenges in observational studies that index patients upon experiencing extreme laboratory or clinical values.

Pragmatic considerations for negative control outcome studies to guide non-randomized comparative analyses: A narrative review.

Purpose: This narrative review describes the application of negative control outcome (NCO) methods to assess potential bias due to unmeasured or mismeasured confounders in non-randomized comparisons of drug effectiveness and safety. An NCO is assumed to have no causal relationship with a treatment under study while subject to the same confounding structure as the treatment and outcome of interest; an association between treatment and NCO then reflects the potential for uncontrolled confounding between treatment and outcome.

Methods: We focus on two recently completed NCO studies that assessed the comparability of outcome risk for patients initiating different osteoporosis medications and lipid-lowering therapies, illustrating several ways in which confounding may result.

Analysis of an Expanded Targeted Early Cytomegalovirus Testing Program.

Objective: Determine the detection rate from an expanded targeted early cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing program implemented from a large healthcare system (Intermountain Healthcare, IHC).

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Tertiary medical center.

A translational application of music for preschool cognitive development: RCT evidence for improved executive function, self-regulation, and school readiness.

The benefits of active music participation and training for cognitive development have been evidenced in multiple studies, with this link leveraged in music therapy approaches with clinical populations. Although music, rhythm, and movement activities are widely integrated into children's play and early education, few studies have systematically translated music therapy-based approaches to a nonclinical population to support early cognitive development. This study reports the follow-up effects of the Rhythm and Movement for Self Regulation (RAMSR) program delivered by generalist preschool teachers in low socioeconomic communities.

Pericyte remodeling is deficient in the aged brain and contributes to impaired capillary flow and structure.

Deterioration of brain capillary flow and architecture is a hallmark of aging and dementia. It remains unclear how loss of brain pericytes in these conditions contributes to capillary dysfunction. Here, we conduct cause-and-effect studies by optically ablating pericytes in adult and aged mice in vivo.

Corrigendum: Single Cell Optical Ablation of Brain Pericytes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.

Diagnostic Pearls of Vulvar Epidermolytic Acanthoma: Case Report.

Epidermolytic acanthomas (EA) are uncommon benign tumors clinically presenting as single to multiple papules. Histologically, EA display hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, acanthosis, and epidermal degeneration-also known as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH). EA may be misdiagnosed as condyloma both clinically and histopathologically when located on the genitalia.

Single Cell Optical Ablation of Brain Pericytes.

Pericytes have myriad functions in cerebrovascular regulation but remain understudied in the living brain. To dissect pericyte functions , prior studies have used genetic approaches to induce global pericyte loss in the rodent brain. However, this leads to complex outcomes, making it challenging to disentangle the physiological roles of pericytes from the pathophysiological effects of their depletion.

Effects of Reading Interventions on Student Understanding of and Misconceptions about Antibiotic Resistance.

Students possess informal, intuitive ways of reasoning about the world, including biological phenomena. Although useful in some cases, intuitive reasoning can also lead to the development of scientifically inaccurate ideas that conflict with central concepts taught in formal biology education settings, including evolution. Using antibiotic resistance as an example of evolution, we developed a set of reading interventions and an assessment tool to examine the extent to which differences in instructional language affect undergraduate student misconceptions and intuitive reasoning.

Early Transition Metals Strengthen the B Bond in MB Complexes.

The bond dissociation energies of early transition metal diborides (M-B, M = Sc, Ti, V, Y, Mo) have been measured by observation of the sharp onset of predissociation in a highly congested spectrum. Density functional and CCSD(T) calculations, extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, have been used to examine the electronic structure of these species. The computations demonstrate the formation of bonding orbitals between the metal d orbitals and the 1π bonding orbitals of B, leading to the transfer of metallic electron density into the bonding 1π orbitals, strengthening both the M-B and B-B bonds in the molecule.

Surgical outcomes inchildren with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.

Objective: To understand whether perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases risk of pulmonary complications in children.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children who underwent surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection at a children's hospital from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Uninfected, age-matched control patients who underwent the same procedure as infected patients over the past ten years were included in the study in a 3:1 ratio to infected patients.