Indirect evidence of an early mating advantage in wild cooperatively breeding male banded mongooses.

Promiscuous females reduce male reproductive control. Males can attempt to monopolise access to these females, but distractions and sneaky rivals mean extra copulations cannot always be blocked. By mating first, males can obtain a headstart in sperm competition, but this may be negated by sperm storage and cryptic female choice mechanisms.

Designing Positive Psychology Interventions for Social Media: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Experiment With Young Adults With Cancer.

Background: Young adults (ages 18-39 years) with cancer face unique risks for negative psychosocial outcomes. These risks could be lessened with positive psychology interventions adapted for social media if intervention messages encourage intentions to do the activities and positive message reactions and if young adults with cancer perceive few downsides.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether social media messages from evidence-based positive psychology interventions encouraged intentions to do the intervention activities and intended positive message reactions, overall and among sociodemographic or cancer characteristic subgroups.

Identifying Patients with Heart Failure Eligible for Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy.

A majority of patients with heart failure (HF) do not receive adequate medical therapy as recommended by clinical guidelines. One major obstacle encountered by population health management (PHM) programs to improve medication usage is the substantial burden placed on clinical staff who must manually sift through electronic health records (EHRs) to ascertain patients' eligibility for the guidelines. As a potential solution, the study team developed a rule-based system (RBS) that automatically parses the EHR for identifying patients with HF who may be eligible for guideline-directed therapy.

A latent class assessment of healthcare access factors and disparities in breast cancer care timeliness.

Background: Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment lead to worse survival and quality of life. Racial disparities in care timeliness have been reported, but few studies have examined access at multiple points along the care continuum (diagnosis, treatment initiation, treatment duration, and genomic testing).

Methods And Findings: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) Phase 3 is a population-based, case-only cohort (n = 2,998, 50% black) of patients with invasive breast cancer diagnoses (2008 to 2013).

Patient-reported persistent lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy among long-term breast cancer survivors in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.

Background: Improved breast cancer treatment has lengthened survival but also has long-term impacts. Lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy are treatment-related sequelae that extend into survivorship. Co-occurrence of these conditions may further impair functional well-being.

Variation in Lipid Peroxidation in the Ejaculates of Wild Banded Mongooses (): A Test of the Oxidative Shielding Hypothesis.

Reproductive activity is costly in terms of future reproduction and survival. Oxidative stress has been identified as a likely mechanism underlying this cost of reproduction. However, empirical studies have yielded the paradoxical observation that breeders often sustain lower levels of oxidative damage than non-breeders.

Lifetime trajectories of male mating effort under reproductive conflict in a cooperatively breeding mammal.

The costs of reproductive conflict can shape the evolution of life-histories in animal societies. These costs may change as individuals age and grow, and with within-group competition. Social costs of reproductive conflict have been invoked to explain why females might gain from delaying maturity or ceasing reproduction midway through life, but not in males.

A Patient-Centered Conceptual Model of AYA Cancer Survivorship Care Informed by a Qualitative Interview Study.

: Conceptual models provide frameworks to illustrate relationships among patient-, provider-, system-, and community-level factors that inform care delivery and research. Existing models of cancer survivorship care focus largely on pediatric or adult populations whose needs differ from adolescents and young adults (AYAs). We developed a patient-centered conceptual model of AYA survivorship care.

The University of North Carolina Cancer Survivorship Cohort: A Resource for Collaborative Survivorship Research.

Background: Rapid growth in the number of US cancer survivors drives the need for ongoing research efforts to improve outcomes and experiences after cancer. In this study, we describe the University of North Carolina (UNC) Cancer Survivorship Cohort, a medical center-based cohort of adults with cancer that integrates medical record-abstracted cancer information, patient-reported outcomes, and biological specimens.

Methods: Participants ages 18+ were recruited from UNC oncology clinics between April 2010 and August 2016.

Geographic Access to Fertility Counseling among Adolescent and Young Adult Women with Cancer in North Carolina.

Background: Fertility counseling is recommended for adolescent and young adult women facing gonadotoxic cancer therapy. However, fertility care is subspecialized medical care offered at a limited number of institutions, making geographic access a potential barrier to guideline-concordant care. We assessed the relationship between geographic access and receipt of fertility counseling among adolescent and young adult women with cancer.

Chronic Health Conditions, Disability, and Physical and Cognitive Limitations among LGBTQ+ Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cancer survivors are at high risk for chronic health conditions and physical and cognitive limitations. However, few studies have explored these outcomes among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus (LGBTQ+) survivors.

Methods: We used pooled, weighted Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 23 states that completed two specific modules at least once from 2020 to 2022.

Immunogenicity and Protective Capacity of Sugar ABC Transporter Substrate-Binding Protein against Serotype 2, 7 and 9 Infection in Mice.

() is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes substantial disease in pigs. is also an emerging zoonoses in humans, primarily in Asia, through the consumption of undercooked pork and the handling of infected pig meat as well as carcasses. The complexity of epidemiology, characterized by the presence of multiple bacterial serotypes and strains with diverse sequence types, identifies a critical need for a universal vaccine with the ability to confer cross-protective immunity.

Pathogen-microbiome interactions and the virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus.

Unlabelled: Bacteria shape interactions between hosts and fungal pathogens. In some cases, bacteria associated with fungi are essential for pathogen virulence. In other systems, host-associated microbiomes confer resistance against fungal pathogens.

Physical therapy in the Emergency Department: A prospective cohort study from an Alternatives to Opioids program.

Objective: Musculoskeletal pain complaints are common in the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of physical therapy (PT) in the ED on pain and ED return.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with those presenting to the ED or Urgent Care at a single academic center for musculoskeletal pain between November 2020 and December 2022.

Follow-Up Colonoscopy for Detection of Missed Colorectal Cancer After Diverticulitis.

Background & Aims: Colonoscopy often is recommended after an episode of diverticulitis to exclude missed colorectal cancer (CRC). This is a controversial recommendation based on limited evidence. We estimated the prevalence and odds of CRC and advanced colorectal neoplasia on colonoscopy in patients with diverticulitis compared with CRC screening.

Prevalence and impact of fertility concerns in young women with breast cancer.

Survey data from the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry were used to assess fertility counseling and fertility preservation strategies in a modern cohort of young women with breast cancer. One hundred respondents were identified who were under age 50 at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and who expressed interest in future childbearing near the time of diagnosis and/or 1 year later. Ninety-three percent of the 81 respondents to the year one survey recalled fertility counseling prior to cancer treatment.

BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause.

Background: A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.

Graded alarm call behavior in wild fox squirrels (Sciurus niger).

Distress or alarm calls are vocalizations made when animals are in stressful situations or faced with a predator. Squirrels (Sciuridae) are known for being very vocal; however, most studies on alarm vocalizations are limited to ground squirrels. We investigated the acoustic behavior of the arboreal fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) under different conditions.

Late endocrine diseases in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in California: a population-based study.

Background: Cancer survivors have increased risk of endocrine complications, but there is a lack of information on the occurrence of specific endocrinopathies at the population-level.

Methods: We used data from the California Cancer Registry (2006-2018) linked to statewide hospitalisation, emergency department, and ambulatory surgery databases. We estimated the cumulative incidence of and factors associated with endocrinopathies among adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15-39 years) who survived ≥2 years after diagnosis.