[Cecal function of rats on long-term intravenous feeding with different mixtures].

Gain in body mass, mucosal morphology and microflora of the contents of the cecum were experimentally studied in adult growing male rats kept for 15 days on parenteral (intravenous) feeding with various nutrient mixtures. The rats on parenteral feeding and the control ones fed orally (via the natural route), kept on diets including all the major nutrients, gained in body mass about 40 g, during the experiment. Body mass of the animals on parenteral feeding with mixtures not containing the nitrous component was practically unchanged by the end of the experiment in all the groups of animals.

[Endogenous nitrogen losses in rats fed by intravenous and enteral routes].

Endogenous losses of nitrogen were studied under the feeding with isocaloric mixtures containing glucose, polycose, mineral substances, and vitamins. At the end of the first week endogenous losses of nitrogen with urine and feces under both routes of feeding were higher than at the end of the second week of nitrogen-free feeding. Upon intravenous feeding the nitrogen-saving action of the mixture containing glucose was more remarkable at the end of the second week than that of the mixture containing glucose and fatty emulsion.

[State of the ribosomal apparatus of the liver during intravenous feeding with different amino acid mixtures].

Amino acid preparations were used in experiments on rats which received intravenous nutrition for 15 days. It has been demonstrated that electron microscopy and morphometry of hepatocyte structures provide an objective assessment of the protein-synthesizing system of the liver. This criterion combined with other ones may be used for the evaluation of nutritive mixtures.

[Lipid fatty acid composition of the blood and organs in experimental and enteral feeding].

The rats which received intravenous nutrition (polyamine, glucose, intralipid) for 9 days showed a decrease in the proportion of palmitic and oleic acid, an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum lipids, as well as a lowering of the proportion of arachidonic acid in liver lipids. The fatty acid content of platelet and splenic lipids remained unchanged. In dogs which were given fat emulsion enterally, intraportally or into the common blood circle in addition to the diet for 3 weeks, the changes in the fatty content of blood serum lipids were most marked upon enteral route of administration.

[Effect of methandrostenolone on liver morphology and enzymatic activity].

The action of different doses and time of metandrostenolone administration on liver morphology and activity of the enzymes of blood serum, liver and pancreatic tissue was studied in experiments on male rats. It was established that metandrostenolone regardless of its dose and time of administration produces changes in enzymatic activity and in morphological characteristics, manifesting in hypertrophy of hepatocytes in modification of the cell size of the reticuloendothelium as well as in the magnitude and amount of nucleoli in the nucleus. The changes also involve impaired rhythmicity of RNA and glycogen synthesis by the liver.

[Effect of fats in diets with a varying degree of fatty acid saturation on aspects of lipid metabolism].

Distribution of lipids in the liver, blood and bile, and rates of their elimination with the bile were studied in rats fed with diets having an elevated proportion of lard or sunflower oil. High fat diet including lard was conducive to an increase in the content and radioactivity of triglycerides and cholesterol esters in the liver tissue. Lipid concentration in the blood and bile was not different from control values, while the bile showed less amount of the label incorporated in phospholipids and cholesterol.

[Effect of rations with a varying phospholipid content on rat liver phosphorylase A1 and A2 and cholesterol esterase activity].

The effect of varied amounts of phospholipids in the diet (100, 30 and 0.5% of the total lipid content) on the lipid composition and activity of lysosomal phospholipases A1 and A2 and cholesterinesterase of the rat liver was studied. The experiment lasted 24 days.

[Energy requirements of patients in the early postoperative period after a stomach resection].

The underlying metabolism and daily energy losses were studied in 22 patients with malignant tumours of the stomach and in 51 patients with pyloric stenosis and duodenal ulcer, preoperatively and over the first 9 days postoperatively. The preoperative studies revealed a rise in the underlying metabolism rate by 43.7 and 28.

[Lipid metabolic indices in the liver, blood and bile while using diets with a low protein content and varying carbohydrate and fat ratio].

In tests with rats observations over changes in the lipids metabolism in the liver, blood and bile with application of low-protein diets and different proportions of carbohydrates and fat were carried out. The No-1 ration containing 5 per cent of protein and an augmented to 70 per cent carbohydrates (starch) amount led to accumulation in the liver and to increased radioactivity in triglycerides and ether-bound cholesterol, to diminution of the amount and radioactivity of phospholipids in the liver and blood and to a lowered lipids complex concentration in the bile of cholic acid and proportions of glycoconjugates and tauroconjugates. The No-2 ration, where a greater carbohydrates quota was represented by a mixture of starch and saccharose, and also the No-3 ration with an elevated share of fat, produced similar, but to a higher degree, pronounced changes in the liver, blood and bile.

[Effect of rations with qualitatively varying carbohydrates on lipid metabolic indices in the liver, blood and bile].

In tests conducted on rats the process of eliminating the endogenous formed lipids with bile was studied and the discovered changes were contrasted against the lipids metabolism disorders in the liver and blood of the animals receiving rations with differing quantitative and qualitative content of carbohydrates. A balanced ration with saccharose led to a higher quantity and radioactivity of the total lipids and triglycerides in the liver and blood. In the bile a fall in the level of the cholic acid, cholesterol and the lipid complex and an increased radioactivity in the composition of the lipids complex, cholesterol and phospholipids were observed.

[Effect of tetracycline on rat liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro under a varying body allowance of protein].

An investigation of the tetracycline action in vivo and in vitro showed it to reduce the rate of oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver mitochondria which, with an increased concentration or a longer introduction of the drug, gives place to inhibition of respiration. These changes occur following introduction of 100 mg/kg by the 10th day of the experiment and of 20 mg/kg--by the 20th day. The protein-low background is a factor contributing to a speedier effect of tetracycline.