Cooling vest for improving surgeons' thermal comfort: a multidisciplinary design project.

A laparoscopic surgeon sometimes experiences heat-related discomfort even though the temperature situation is moderate. The aim of this project was to design a cooling vest using a phase change material to increase thermal comfort for the surgeon. The project focused on the design process to reveal the most important parameters for the design of a cooling vest that could be demonstrated in a clinical setting.

Ergonomic design criteria for a novel laparoscopic tool handle with tactile feedback.

Laparoscopic surgery has many ergonomic disadvantages often not considered in the design of instruments. The poorly designed surgical tools produce inconveniences in both functional and cognitive aspects; including tactile sensation and visual-motor space coordination. The aim of this article is to find out how laparoscopic handle design can be improved by combining classical ergonomic guidelines with tactile feedback related to handle design.

Volumes of pituitary adenomas related to hormone production, duration of symptoms and postoperative outcome.

In the period from December 1978 to February 1986, 292 patients with pituitary adenomas were operated transsphenoidally. We measured tumor volumes from CT scans and pneumoencephalograms. Tumor volumes varied from 0.

Combined modality treatment of operated astrocytomas grade 3 and 4. A prospective and randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy with two different radiation schedules and subsequent CCNU chemotherapy. Stage II of a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group.

A prospective and randomized trial has been performed in order to evaluate combined modality therapy in patients with astrocytomas grade 3 and 4. Follow-up information is available on 244 patients. One half of the series received radiation therapy twice a week (40.

Intraoperative gas cisternography and gas dissection in the operative treatment of pituitary tumors. A methodological description.

We have given a methodological description of gas dissection and gas cisternography used during transsphenoidal surgery. 200 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas or craniopharyngeomas have been operated according to Cushing- Guiot -Hardy's procedure. 68 patients had suprasellar expansions in which gas dissection was used.

The effect of high dose barbiturate decompression after severe head injury. A controlled clinical trial.

Treatment resistant intracranial hypertension after severe head injury has a very high mortality with conventional therapy such as hyperventilation and mannitol infusions. In this report, we describe the use of large doses of thiopental as a means of treating such swelling. From a consecutive series of 107 severe head injuries with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 6 or below, we selected all patients below 40 years age with a progressive increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) to 40 mm Hg.

Classification of human cancer cells by means of capillary gas chromatography and pattern recognition analysis.

The metabolic profiles of brain biopsies obtained at surgery were recorded using capillary gas chromatography (GC). About 160 peaks were seen, of which 105 were used for data analysis. Three classes of brain tissue were examined: normal cerebral cortex, pituitary tumours and " brain" tumours.

Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of bleomycin on survival time: a prospective multicenter trial of the Scandinavian Glioblastoma Study Group.

In a controlled, prospective, randomized investigation, started in 1974, 118 patients with supratentorial astrocytoma Grade III--IV were divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 45 Gy postoperatively to the whole supratentorial brain. Bleomycin in 15-mg doses and a total dose of 180 mg or placebo was given intravenously three times a week, one hour prior to radiotherapy, during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5.

Pathophysiology of massive trauma with therapeutic implications.

In addition to its local effects, severe trauma has several consequences for the whole organism. Partly, these are hormonal, humoral and neural regulatory mechanisms - negative feedback mechanisms to regain homeostasis, a balance of the "milieu intérieur". Blood loss and disturbances in the fluid compartments is one of the central pathological features.

Acetate production and substrate availability in the dog.

Arterial plasma acetate, glucose and NEFA concentrations were measured during loading with glucose/insulin and fat emulsion/heparin, and during epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulation in dogs. The expected alterations in glucose and NEFA concentrations were found. Acetate concentrations were not influenced, and remained constant in all experiments.

Utilization of exogenous acetate during canine haemorrhagic shock.

Plasma acetate and lactate, as well as acid-base-parameters were followed during acetate (dogs I-V) or lactate (dogs VI-X) loading during stable hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure 30 mmHg). Acetate or lactate were infused at a constant rate of 4 mmol/kg/h as 0.5 mol/l solutions (50% as the sodium salt, 50% as the free acid) without simultaneous treatment of the volume deficit.

Plasma acetate concentrations during canine haemorrhagic shock.

Acetate, pyruvate, lactate and NEFA concentrations, as well as acid-base-parameters were followed during bleeding, stable hypotension and re-infusion in five dogs. Mean arterial blood pressures were kept at 30 mmHg during the shock phase. An increase in acetate concentrations (P less than 0.