Modified Nested Barker Codes for Ultra-Wideband Signal-Code Constructions.

Currently, various applications of ultra-wideband signal-code constructions are among the most vibrant technologies, being implemented in very different fields. The purpose of this research consists of analyzing Barker codes and searching for the optimal nested representations of them. We also aim to synthesize signal-code constructions based on the tenets of nesting of alternative modified Barker codes, which employ an asymmetric alphabet.

Search and Study of Marked Code Structures for a Spatially Distributed System of Small-Sized Airborne Radars.

When forming the radar situation of a terrain, in order to increase its information content and to extract useful information, multi-position spatially distributed systems for integrating multi-angle radar data established by small-sized UAV-based airborne radars are used. In this case, each radar station belonging to a multi-position system as a probing signal must have its own unique marked signal. Such a setup will allow the signals reflected from ground objects and zones to be "attached" to specific receiving-transmitting positions of the multi-position system.

Algebraic Multi-Layer Network: Key Concepts.

The paper refers to interdisciplinary research in the areas of hierarchical cluster analysis of big data and ordering of primary data to detect objects in a color or in a grayscale image. To perform this on a limited domain of multidimensional data, an NP-hard problem of calculation of close to piecewise constant data approximations with the smallest possible standard deviations or total squared errors () is solved. The solution is achieved by revisiting, modernizing, and combining classical Ward's clustering, split/merge, and K-means methods.

A Model of Pixel and Superpixel Clustering for Object Detection.

The paper presents a model of structured objects in a grayscale or color image, described by means of piecewise constant image approximations, which are characterized by the minimum possible approximation errors for a given number of pixel clusters, where the means the total squared error. An ambiguous image is described as a non-hierarchical structure but is represented as an ordered superposition of object hierarchies, each containing at least one optimal approximation in = 1, 2,..

Formation of Fused Images of the Land Surface from Radar and Optical Images in Spatially Distributed On-Board Operational Monitoring Systems.

This paper considers the issues of image fusion in a spatially distributed small-size on-board location system for operational monitoring. The purpose of this research is to develop a new method for the formation of fused images of the land surface based on data obtained from optical and radar devices operated from two-position spatially distributed systems of small aircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles. The advantages of the method for integrating information from radar and optical information-measuring systems are justified.

The metabolic pathway collection: an update.

The Metabolic Pathway Collection from EMP is an extraction of data from the larger Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways database (EMP). This extraction has been made publicly available in the hope that others will find it useful for a variety of purposes. The original release in October 1995 contained 1814 distinct pathways.

The metabolic pathway collection from EMP: the enzymes and metabolic pathways database.

The Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways database (EMP) is an encoding of the contents of over 10 000 original publications on the topics of enzymology and metabolism. This large body of information has been transformed into a queryable database. An extraction of over 1800 pictorial representations of metabolic pathways from this collection is freely available on the World Wide Web.

[Effect of autoinducers of anabiosis for some microorganisms on rat liver mitochondria respiration].

2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1-ol (tyrosol) and 5-n-alkyl(C19,C21)resorcinols produced by some microorganisms as anabiosis autoregulators (factors d1) inhibit the electron transport and uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain of rat liver mitochondria: a 50% decrease of the respiratory control is caused by 0.32-0.36 mumol of tyrosol or by 0.

[Tyrosol--the autoregulatory d1 factor of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

The autoregulatory d1 factor of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that induces the transition of vegetative cells into refractory resting forms, has been isolated from the cell-free culture medium as an individual crystalline compound. It has been shown to be 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1-ol which is also known as tyrosol. When added to the producer culture at 5-15 microM concentration, tyrosol stimulated the endogenous respiration of cells, but inhibited at 20-80 microM concentration.

Membrane-structuring properties of bacterial long-chain alkylresorcinols.

To investigate the mechanism by which 5-n-alkyl(C19-C25)-resorcinols synthesized by certain bacteria of the Azotobacter genus affect the lipid bilayers of cellular membranes, planar bimolecular membranes were formed from these alkyl-resorcinols and from mixtures of those and typical bacterial phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The electrical properties and, in some instances, the stability of the prepared membranes have been studied. The alkylresorcinols have been found to associate with phospholipids to form oligomeric and polymeric complexes, thereby giving rise to modifications in the bilayer structure and properties.

[The effect of isomeric alkyl (C19--C25) methoxybenzoquinones on mitochondrial respiration].

The influence of 2-methoxy-6-alkyl(C19-C25)benzoquinones-1,4 and 4-methoxy-6-alkyl(C19-C25)benzoquinones-1,2 on the respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria has been studied. As a concentration of each of the quinones increased gradually from zero, the rate of the respiration using NAD-dependent substrates firstly increased but then decreased, 1,2-quinones being the more potent inhibitors. Concurrently, the respiratory control of mitochondria was lowered, indicating uncoupling effect of these quinones.

[Effect of berberine, glaucine, stephaglabrine and sanguiritrine on neuromuscular transmission].

Natural alkaloid drugs, glaucine, stephaglabrine and sanguiritrine, are shown to affect the synaptic transmission in a fairly complicated manner and seem to involve several different mechanisms of action. These substances as well as berberine reduce amplitude of the spontaneous miniature end plate potentials in a frog neuromuscular junction. At low concentrations all the mentioned alkaloids diminish frequency of miniature potentials, but increase it when their concentration exceeds a certain value.

[5-Alkyl(C19-C25) resorcinols as regulators of succinate and NAD-dependent substrate oxidation by mitochondria].

The effect of 5-n-alkyl(C19-C25) resorcinols isolated from Azotobacter chroococcum on the oxidation of succinate and NAD-dependent substrates (glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, pyruvate) by rat liver mitochondria was studied, using the polarographic technique. With succinate, the above resorcinol lipids activated to some extent the 2,4-dinitrophenol-decoupled mitochondrial respiration, but markedly suppressed it (up to 95%) in the presence of NAD-dependent substrates. The activating and inhibiting effects correlated with the resorcinol lipid/mitochondrial proteins ratio and were observed, when the lipid concentration in the incubation mixture ranged from 2.

[Cultivation of asporogenous anaerobic microorganisms in media of various compositions].

The comparative evaluation of the quality of experimental dried culture medium for the isolation and cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms, developed on the basis of locally produced ingredients without unavailable raw material suitable for human consumption, and enriched thioglycolic medium has revealed the advantage of the former and permits its recommendation for practical use in laboratories.

[Use of an experimental analytical method for equilibrating nutrient broths for Clostridium perfringens type A growth and toxin formation].

A successful attempt to use analytico-experimental approach to the evaluation of experimental data for the scientifically based calculation of the composition of complex culture media, intended for growing pathogenic microorganisms, has been made. The method is based on the evaluation of the specific growth-stimulating and toxin-forming activity of the components of a given culture medium, which are determined by the number of cells grown in the variants of the medium with the limited amount of one of its components. The use of the analytico-experimental balancing method makes it possible to develop culture media with the optimal composition ensuring the definite yield of the target product rather quickly and economically by experimenting on the minimal number of variants equal to the number of the components of the medium.

[Effect of iron on the growth and toxin formation of Clostridium perfringens type A cultures].

The influence of iron at different concentrations on the growth and toxin formation of the cultures of C. perfringens strain 28 BP6K, type A, in media having different composition and protein base has been studied. As revealed by the results of these studies, bivalent iron at concentrations of 1-30 mg%, while having no essential influence on the growth and development of the culture, not only produces no stimulating effect on toxin formation, but even inhibits it.

[Interaction of perfluoro-organic compounds with flat lipid bilayers].

It has been found that contact interaction between the drops of perfluoro-organic compounds (PFOC) and bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) results in the fusion of PFOC and BLM drops. In the process PFOC is incorporated into the lipid bi layer of BLM, which decreases the BLM stability.

[Inclusion of erythrocyte membranes into planar lipid bilayers].

Planar lipid bilayer membranes (PM) were modified by membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit erythrocytes. Vesicles contained amphotericin B and tetraethylammonium. Voltage-current relationships of modified PM were investigated.

[Antigenic fractions of Clostridium oedematiens toxin and their immunogenic properties].

The results of the isolation of antigenic fractions and their complexes from Cl. oedematiens toxin and the study of their antigenic properties are presented. The purified, concentrated toxin has been found to consist of high- and low-molecular antigens differing in immunogenicity and affinity to aluminium hydroxide used as sorbent.

[Two stages of contact interaction of liposomes with bimolecular lipid membranes].

Interaction of liposomes with BLM is confirmed to consist of two stages. The first stage is a semi-fusion of liposomes with BLM. On this stage the bilayer in a contact area is formed of one liposome monolayer and another one of BLM.

[Reaction between liposomes and biomolecular membranes].

Small liposomes did not change the resistance of bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) in monovalent ion solution (less than or equal to 0.5 M). The interaction between liposomes containing cholesterol and BLM free from cholesterol in the solution of polyene antibiotic nystatine induced anion selectivity and smooth growth of BLM conductance by 4--5 orders.

[Electrophoretic mobility of bimolecular lipid membranes].

The floating membrane vesicle is fixed by the counter solution flow in different points along the radius of a cylinder electrophoretic chamber, which permits to measure the vesicle electrophoretic mobility (EM). Close state condition of the chamber is provided for by the capillary system successively connected with the chamber. Relationship between EM of bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) and pH and ionic concentration of aqueous solution qualitatively coincides with similar relationship for liposomes.