Multidirectional blood flow in the femoral artery via vector flow imaging: Doppler ultrasound imaging insights.

The accuracy of femoral artery blood flow measurements via Doppler ultrasound hinges on assumptions of laminar flow upstream of the femoral bifurcation. Existing scanning guidelines recommend a minimum proximity to the flow divider of 2-3 cm for avoiding multidirectional blood flow yet lack experimental evidence to support this recommendation. This study aimed to determine the minimum distance required to avoid multidirectional flow contamination near the femoral bifurcation and to assess the reliability of vector flow imaging (VFI) in these measurements.

Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Nano-Bilosomal In Situ Gels Containing Anti-Psychotic Clozapine for Treatment of Schizophrenia: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Patients with schizophrenia have significant challenges in adhering to and complying with oral medicines, resulting in adverse consequences such as symptom worsening and psychotic relapse. This study aimed to develop clove oil-based bilosomes using definitive screening design (DSD) to maximize the anti-schizophrenic action of clozapine and promote its nose-to-brain delivery. The target was to optimize the physicochemical properties of bilosomes and incorporate them into mucoadhesive intranasal in situ gels, searching for augmented ex vivo and in vivo clozapine delivery.

Sustained linagliptin administration: superior glycemic control and less pancreatic injury in diabetic rats.

While linagliptin is the most potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, its use is limited due to poor bioavailability and the potential risk of pancreatic injury. Here, we investigated whether the sustained weekly administration of linagliptin could provide better effect compared to frequent daily oral administration. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats a high fructose/fat/salt diet followed by STZ injection.

The assessment of pharmacokinetics and neuroprotective effect of berberine hydrochloride-embedded albumin nanoparticles via various administration routes: comparative studies in rats.

The current study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and neuroprotective effect of well-characterised berberine-bovine serum albumin (BBR-BSA) nanoparticles. BBR-BSA nanoparticles were generated by desolvation method. Entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, surface morphology, thermal stability, and release were estimated.

Maximizing the Use of Ivermectin Transethosomal Cream in the Treatment of Scabies.

In an effort to tackle the skin reactions frequently observed with topical application of ivermectin (IVM), a study was conducted to develop and optimize transethosomes (TESMs) loaded with IVM for scabies treatment. A three-factor, two-level (2) full factorial design was employed. Soyabean phosphatidylcholine concentration (A), ethanol concentration (B) and Span 60 amount (C) were studied as independent factors, while entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and drug release after 6 h (Q6h) were characterized.

24 Factorial Design Formulation Optimization and In vitro Characterization of Desloratadine Nanosuspension Prepared Using Antisolvent Precipitation.

Introduction: Desloratadine, a second-generation antihistaminic drug, is poorly watersoluble and requires amelioration of the dissolution rate to improve its pharmacokinetics properties.

Method: This study investigated the impact of polymer, surfactant types, and concentration on the particle size, zeta potential, and dissolution efficiency of nanosuspensions formulated through the solvent antisolvent precipitation method. To optimize the delivery of Desloratadine nanosuspension, we used Minitab software and a 4-factor, 2-level full factorial design.

Characterization of internal jugular vein region-specific distension and flow patterns during progressive volume shifting.

Blood volume shifts during postural adjustment lead to irregular distension of the internal jugular vein (IJV). In microgravity, distension may contribute to flow stasis and thromboembolism, though the regional implications and associated risk remain unexplored. We characterized regional differences in IJV volume distension and flow complexity during progressive head-down tilt (HDT) (0°, -6°, -15°, -30°) using conventional ultrasound and vector flow imaging.

Oral bioavailability enhancement of doxazosin mesylate: Nanosuspension versus self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems.

Background And Purpose: Doxazosin mesylate (DOX) is an antihypertensive drug that possesses poor water solubility and, hence, poor release properties. Both nanosuspensions and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are becoming nanotechnology techniques for the enhancement of water solubility of different drugs.

Experimental Approach: The study's goal was to identify the best drug delivery system able to enhance the release and antihypertensive effect of DOX by comparing the physical characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, release rate, and main arterial blood pressure of DOX-loaded nanosuspensions and SNEDDS in liquid and solid form.

Tailoring Risperidone-Loaded Glycethosomal In Situ Gels Using Box-Behnken Design for Treatment of Schizophrenia-Induced Rats via Intranasal Route.

Schizophrenic patients often face challenges with adherence to oral regimens. The study aimed to highlight the potentiality of intranasal ethanol/glycerin-containing lipid-nanovesicles (glycethosomes) incorporated into in situ gels for sustaining anti-psychotic risperidone (RS) release. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was followed for in vitro characterization.

Transrectal ultrasound vector projectile imaging for time-resolved visualization of flow dynamics in the male urethra: A clinical pilot study.

Background: Quantitative and comprehensive visualization of urinary flow dynamics in the urethra is crucial for investigating patient-specific mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although some methods can evaluate the global properties of the urethra, it is critical to assess the local information, such as the location of the responsible lesion and its interactions with urinary flow in relation to LUTS. This approach is vital for enhancing personalized and focal treatments.

A GPU-Based, Real-Time Dealiasing Framework for High-Frame-Rate Vector Doppler Imaging.

Vector Doppler is well regarded as a potential way of deriving flow vectors to intuitively visualize complex flow profiles, especially when it is implemented at high frame rates. However, this technique's performance is known to suffer from aliasing artifacts. There is a dire need to devise real-time dealiasing solutions for vector Doppler.

Optimization of Potential Nanoemulgels for Boosting Transdermal Glimepiride Delivery and Upgrading Its Anti-Diabetic Activity.

Transdermal drug delivery has been widely adopted as a plausible alternative to the oral route of administration, especially for drugs with poor systemic bioavailability. The objective of this study was to design and validate a nanoemulsion (NE) system for transdermal administration of the oral hypoglycemic drug glimepiride (GM). The NEs were prepared using peppermint/bergamot oils as the oil phase and tween 80/transcutol P as the surfactant/co-surfactant mixture (S).

Deep-learning-assisted and GPU-accelerated vector Doppler imaging with aliasing-resistant velocity estimation.

Vector flow imaging is a diagnostic ultrasound modality that is suited for the visualization of complex blood flow dynamics. One popular way of realizing vector flow imaging at high frame rates over 1000 fps is to apply multi-angle vector Doppler estimation principles in conjunction with plane wave pulse-echo sensing. However, this approach is susceptible to flow vector estimation errors attributed to Doppler aliasing, which is prone to arise when a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is inevitably used due to the need for finer velocity resolution or because of hardware constraints.

Development of depot PLGA-based implant of Linagliptin: Sustained release and glycemic control.

High percentage of diabetic people are diagnosed as type 2 who require daily dosing of an antidiabetic drug such as Linagliptin (Lina) to manage their blood glucose levels. This study aimed to develop injectable Lina-loaded biodegradable poly (lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants (ISIs) to deliver a desired burst effect of Lina followed by a sustained release over several days for controlling the blood glucose levels over prolonged time periods. The morphological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic assessments of the Lina-loaded ISIs were performed.

Design of mirtazapine solid dispersion with different carriers' systems: optimization, in vitro evaluation, and bioavailability assessment.

The solid dispersion technique is the most effective and widely used approach for increasing the solubility and release of drugs that have low water solubility. Mirtazapine (MRT) is an atypical antidepressant used to treat severe depression. MRT has a low oral bioavailability (about 50%) due to its low water solubility (BCS class II).

Brain-targeted delivery of Valsartan using solid lipid nanoparticles labeled with Rhodamine B; a promising technique for mitigating the negative effects of stroke.

The brain is a vital organ that is protected from the general circulation and is distinguished by the presence of a relatively impermeable blood brain barrier (BBB). Blood brain barrier prevents the entry of foreign molecules. The current research aims to transport valsartan (Val) across BBB utilizing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) approach to mitigate the adverse effects of stroke.

Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of haloperidol solid dispersion.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of the anti -psychiatric drug haloperidol in solid dispersion forms as a way to enhance its dissolution profile and anti-psychiatric effect.

Methods: Solubility studies of haloperidol in various polymers solutions were investigated. The selected polymer with high drug solubility (Poly ethylene glycol 4000) was used for preparation of solid dispersion through two methods solvent evaporation method and melting method.

Investigation of Alogliptin-Loaded In Situ Gel Implants by 2 Factorial Design with Glycemic Assessment in Rats.

The aim of the study was to design injectable long-acting poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based in situ gel implants (ISGI) loaded with the anti-diabetic alogliptin. Providing sustained therapeutic exposures and improving the pharmacological responses of alogliptin were targeted for achieving reduced dosing frequency and enhanced treatment outputs. In the preliminary study, physicochemical characteristics of different solvents utilized in ISGI preparation were studied to select a proper solvent possessing satisfactory solubilization capacity, viscosity, water miscibility, and affinity to PLGA.

Hepatoprotective Role of Carvedilol against Ischemic Hepatitis Associated with Acute Heart Failure via Targeting miRNA-17 and Mitochondrial Dynamics-Related Proteins: An In Vivo and In Silico Study.

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common diseases in old age that can lead to mortality. Systemic hypoperfusion is associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be irreversible. Ischemic hepatitis due to AHF has been linked to the pathogenesis of liver damage.

Accuracy of the Traditional COVID-19 Phone Triaging System and Phone Triage-Driven Deep Learning Model.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a quick and reliable phone-triage system is critical for early care and efficient distribution of hospital resources. The study aimed to assess the accuracy of the traditional phone-triage system and phone triage-driven deep learning model in the prediction of positive COVID-19 patients.

Setting: This is a retrospective study conducted at the family medicine department, Cairo University.

Association Between Giardia Genotype and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Among Giardia-Infected Children: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: Giardia duodenalis is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoal infection. The implication of free radicals in organ injury occurs through oxidative stress. Infections as Giardia may act as a triggering or promoting factor for oxidative stress, particularly in children with compromised immunity.

An overview of PLGA forming implants based on solvent exchange technique: effect of formulation components and characterization.

As a result of the low oral bioavailability of several drugs, there is a renewed interest for parenteral administration to target their absorption directly into the blood bypassing the long gastrointestinal route and hepatic metabolism. In order to address the potential side effects of frequent injections, sustained release systems are the most popular approaches for achieving controlled long-acting drug delivery. Injectable forming implants (ISFIs) have gained greater popularity in comparison to other sustained systems.

A Deep Learning Approach to Resolve Aliasing Artifacts in Ultrasound Color Flow Imaging.

Despite being used clinically as a noninvasive flow visualization tool, color flow imaging (CFI) is known to be prone to aliasing artifacts that arise due to fast blood flow beyond the detectable limit. From a visualization standpoint, these aliasing artifacts obscure proper interpretation of flow patterns in the image view. Current solutions for resolving aliasing artifacts are typically not robust against issues such as double aliasing.

Contrast-Enhanced Urodynamic Vector Projectile Imaging (CE-UroVPI) for Urethral Voiding Visualization: Principles and Phantom Studies.

Objective: To devise a new urodynamic imaging framework that can provide time-resolved visualization of urinary flow and urethral deformation during the initiation phase of voiding.

Materials And Methods: Contrast-enhanced urodynamic vector projectile imaging (CE-UroVPI) was devised using the principles of high-frame rate ultrasound, microbubble contrast agents, and flow vector mapping. CE-UroVPI was implemented using a research-purpose ultrasound scanner (5 MHz frequency) and commercial contrast agents (USphere Prime).