Tenecteplase Thrombolysis for Stroke up to 24 Hours After Onset With Perfusion Imaging Selection: The CHABLIS-T II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Whether it is effective and safe to extend the time window of intravenous thrombolysis up to 24 hours after the last known well is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large/medium vessel occlusion within an extended time window.

Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke presenting 4.

What can naked mole-rats teach us about ameliorating hypoxia-related human diseases?

Ameliorating the deleterious impact of systemic or tissue-level hypoxia or ischemia is key to preventing or treating many human diseases and pathologies. Usefully, environmental hypoxia is also a common challenge in many natural habitats; animals that are native to such hypoxic niches often exhibit strategies that enable them to thrive with limited O availability. Studying how such species have evolved to tolerate systemic hypoxia offers a promising avenue of discovery for novel strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of hypoxia in human diseases and pathologies.

Anatomical compensation of retinal nerve fiber layer improves the detection of glaucoma between ethnicities.

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of compensating retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for demographic and anatomical factors on glaucoma detection in Chinese and Indian adults. A population-based study included 1995 healthy participants (1076 Chinese and 919 Indians) to construct a multivariable linear regression compensation model. This model was applied to 357 Chinese glaucoma patients, 357 healthy Chinese, and 357 healthy Indians using Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Co-infection of Four Novel Mycoviruses from Three Lineages Confers Hypovirulence on Phytopathogenic Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens.

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens has become one of the most important diseases of rice. Mycoviruses are viruses that can infect fungi with the potential to control fungal diseases. However, little is known about the biocontrol role of hypoviruses in U.

Early warning of atrial fibrillation using deep learning.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent cardiac rhythm disorder, significantly increases hospitalization and health risks. Reverting from AF to sinus rhythm (SR) often requires intensive interventions. This study presents a deep-learning model capable of predicting the transition from SR to AF on average 30.

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Introduction: New therapies to prevent or delay the onset of symptoms, slow progression, or improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed.

Methods: We interrogated clinicaltrials.gov including all clinical trials assessing pharmaceutical therapies for AD active in on January 1, 2024.

Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice.

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an undesirable trait that decreases yield and quality in rice production. Understanding the genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying PHS is of great significance for breeding PHS-resistant rice. In this study, we identified a mutant, preharvest sprouting 39 (phs39), that exhibited an obvious PHS phenotype in the field.

Using blood transcriptome analysis for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and patient stratification.

Introduction: Blood protein biomarkers demonstrate potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Limited studies examine the molecular changes in AD blood cells.

Methods: Bulk RNA-sequencing of blood cells was performed on AD patients of Chinese descent (n = 214 and 26 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively) with normal controls (n = 208 and 38 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively).

Small Papillae Regulated by SPD25 are Critical for Balancing Photosynthetic CO Assimilation and Water Loss in Rice.

Background: The leaf epidermis plays an important role in the transmission of light and the regulation of water and gas exchange, which influences the photosynthesis of mesophyll cells. Small papillae (SP) are one of the important structural elements of the leaf epidermis. The mechanism of the effect that small papillae have on rice leaf photosynthetic performance remains unclear.

Osimertinib with or without Chemotherapy in -Mutated Advanced NSCLC.

Background: Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that is selective for EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. Evidence suggests that the addition of chemotherapy may extend the benefits of EGFR-TKI therapy.

Methods: In this phase 3, international, open-label trial, we randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio patients with -mutated (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation) advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had not previously received treatment for advanced disease to receive osimertinib (80 mg once daily) with chemotherapy (pemetrexed [500 mg per square meter of body-surface area] plus either cisplatin [75 mg per square meter] or carboplatin [pharmacologically guided dose]) or to receive osimertinib monotherapy (80 mg once daily).

PDE5 inhibitor drugs for use in dementia.

Unlabelled: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a major health-care challenge with few licensed medications. Repurposing existing drugs may afford prevention and treatment. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is widely expressed in vascular myocytes, neurons, and glia.

Long-sequence voltage series forecasting for internal short circuit early detection of lithium-ion batteries.

Accurate early detection of internal short circuits (ISCs) is indispensable for safe and reliable application of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). However, the major challenge is finding a reliable standard to judge whether the battery suffers from ISCs. In this work, a deep learning approach with multi-head attention and a multi-scale hierarchical learning mechanism based on encoder-decoder architecture is developed to accurately forecast voltage and power series.

Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2023.

Introduction: Drugs that prevent the onset, slow progression, or improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed.

Methods: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for all current Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials for AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) attributed to AD.

Comparing confocal and two-photon Ca imaging of thin low-scattering preparations.

Ca imaging provides insight into biological processes ranging from subcellular dynamics to neural network activity. Two-photon microscopy has assumed a dominant role in Ca imaging. The longer wavelength infra-red illumination undergoes less scattering, and absorption is confined to the focal plane.

Altered gene expression in excitatory neurons is associated with Alzheimer's disease and its higher incidence in women.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving interactions between different cell types in the brain. Previous single-cell and bulk expression Alzheimer's studies have reported conflicting findings about the key cell types and cellular pathways whose expression is primarily altered in this disease. We re-analyzed these data in a uniform, coherent manner aiming to resolve and extend past findings.

Potentially Useful Dwarfing or Semi-dwarfing Genes in Rice Breeding in Addition to the sd1 Gene.

The "Green revolution" gene sd1 has been used widely in the breeding of modern rice varieties for over half a century. The application of this gene has increased rice yields and thereby supported a significant proportion of the global population. The use of a single gene, however, has raised concerns in the scientific community regarding its durability, especially given the bottleneck in genetic background and the need for large input of fertilizer.

Implementation of an Electronic Health Records-Based Safe Contrast Limit for Preventing Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of an electronic health records safe contrast limit tool in predicting CA-AKI risk and reducing contrast use and CA-AKI.

Methods: We created an alert displaying the safe contrast limit to cardiac catheterization laboratory staff prior to percutaneous coronary intervention.

The Effects of Rf4 and the Genetic Mechanism Behind Fertility Restoration of Wild Abortive Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (WA-CMS) in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica).

Wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility (WA-type CMS) has been exclusively used in hybrid seed production in indica rice cultivars, and fertility restoration in WA-type CMS is controlled by two major restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4, through a sporophytic mechanism. However, the genetic mechanism underlying fertility restoration in WA-type CMS in japonica cultivars is poorly understood. In the present study, C418, a leading Chinsurah Boro II- (BT)-type japonica restorer line, showed partial restoration ability in WA-type japonica CMS lines.

Deep learning algorithm reveals probabilities of stage-specific time to conversion in individuals with neurodegenerative disease LATE.

Introduction: Limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE) is a recently defined neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there is no effective way to make a prognosis of time to stage-specific future conversions at an individual level.

Methods: After using the Kaplan-Meier estimation and log-rank test to confirm the heterogeneity of LATE progression, we developed a deep learning-based approach to assess the stage-specific probabilities of time to LATE conversions for different subjects.

Epidermal growth factor activates a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-microRNA-21 axis to inhibit aquaporin 4 in chronic rhinosinusitis.

The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence supports the role of the airway epithelium in its pathophysiology. In our study here, we evaluated whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-microRNA-21 (miR-21)-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) axis in nasal epithelial cells from CRS patients. We found that, compared with normal sinus mucosa, EGF, HIF-1α, and miR-21 were upregulated and AQP4 was downregulated in sinus mucosa from patients with CRS and in a CRS mouse model.

The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA): A single-cell molecular map for translational therapeutics accelerator in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Recent advances in generating massive single-cell/nucleus transcriptomic data have shown great potential for facilitating the identification of cell type-specific Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathobiology and drug-target discovery for therapeutic development.

Methods: We developed The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA) by compiling an AD brain cell atlas consisting of over 1.1 million cells/nuclei across 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and so on) and cell types (astrocyte, microglia, neuron, oligodendrocytes, and so on).