Constructing N, B co-doped carbon nanosheets with pyridine N-B sites for boosting sodium-ion storage.

Carbonaceous materials have demonstrated extensive potential as anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, large-scale commercial use is severely hampered by the slow reaction kinetics and rapid capacity fading. Heteroatom doping can create abundant active sites to improve the ion adsorption properties of carbon materials.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Bioinspired Hierarchical Structures for Enhanced Fog Collection Efficiency in 3D Space via Vat Photopolymerization.

Collecting fog water is crucial for dry areas since natural moisture and fog are significant sources of freshwater. Sustainable and energy-efficient water collection systems can take a page out of the cactus's playbook by mimicking its native fog gathering process. Inspired by the unique geometric structure of the cactus spine, we fabricated a bioinspired artificial fog collector consisting of cactus spines featuring barbs of different sizes and angles on the surfaces for water collection and a series of microcavities within microchannels inspired by Nepenthes Alata on the bottom to facilitate water flowing to the reservoir.

Suite of Biochemical and Cell-Based Assays for the Characterization of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) Inhibitors and Degraders.

KRAS is an important oncogenic driver which is mutated in numerous cancers. Recent advances in the selective targeting of KRAS mutants via small molecule inhibitors and targeted protein degraders have generated an increase in research activity in this area in recent years. As such, there is a need for new assay platforms to profile next generation inhibitors which improve on the potency and selectivity of existing drug candidates, while evading the emergence of resistance.

Post-Metastasis Survival of Patients with High-Risk Localized and Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Undergoing Primary Treatment in the United States: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Patients with high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (HR-LPC/LAPC) have increased risk of metastasis, leading to reduced survival rates. Segmenting the disease course [time to recurrence, recurrence to metastasis, and post-metastasis survival (PMS)] may identify disease states for which the greatest impacts can be made to ultimately improve survival.

Objective: Evaluate real-world PMS of patients with HR-LPC/LAPC who received primary radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Custom Large Language Models Improve Accuracy: Comparing Retrieval Augmented Generation and Artificial Intelligence Agents to Noncustom Models for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Purpose: To show the value of custom methods, namely Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-based Large Language Models (LLMs) and Agentic Augmentation, over standard LLMs in delivering accurate information using an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury case.

Methods: A set of 100 questions and answers based on the 2022 AAOS ACL guidelines were curated. Closed-source (open AI GPT4/GPT 3.

Colocalization of Cancer-Associated Biomarkers on Single Extracellular Vesicles for Early Detection of Cancer.

Detection of cancer early, when it is most treatable, remains a significant challenge because of the lack of diagnostic methods sufficiently sensitive to detect nascent tumors. Early-stage tumors are small relative to their tissue of origin, heterogeneous, and infrequently manifest in clinical symptoms. The detection of early-stage tumors is challenging given the lack of tumor-specific indicators (ie, protein biomarkers, circulating tumor DNA) to enable detection using a noninvasive diagnostic assay.

Single overall 'H-shaped' multifunctional compound achieves fire safety, durability, enhanced strength, and smoke suppression of cotton fabrics.

Challenges currently faced by phosphorus-based flame retardants for cotton fabrics include reduced fabric strength after treatment, high smoke release during combustion, formaldehyde release from commercial phosphorus-based flame retardants and poor flame retardant durability after treatment. In the present work, a P/N/B synergistic flame retardant TBST is synthesized using phosphoric acid, cyanuric acid, boric acid, pentaerythritol, etc. The phosphorus‑nitrogen‑boron atomic ratio is 2:3:1, and it is successfully prepared on cotton fabric to prepare TBST/Cotton.

An MXene-supported NHCNT and BiOCl composite as a sulfur reservoir for Li-S batteries with high energy density.

To solve the intractable challenges of Li-S batteries, we synthesized MXene-NHCNT-BiOCl- to be used as a sulfur host. The M-N-B-10%-S electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance. XRD measurement confirmed that the M-N-B-10%-S electrode displayed good cycle stability.

The impact of household size on measles transmission: A long-term perspective.

Households play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases due to the close contact therein. Previous modeling studies on disease transmission with household-level mixing have explored the relationship between household size distribution and epidemic characteristics such as final epidemic sizes and the basic reproduction number but have not considered the epidemic impact of declining household sizes caused by demographic shifts. Here, we use a disease transmission model that incorporates demographic changes in household sizes to study the long-term transmission dynamics of measles in communities with varying household size distributions.

Tailoring O-Monodentate Adsorption of CO Initiates C-N Coupling for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis with Ultrahigh Carbon Atom Economy.

The thermodynamically and kinetically sluggish electrocatalytic C-N coupling from CO and NO is inert to initially take place while typically occurring after CO protonation, which severely dwindles urea efficiency and carbon atom economy. Herein, we report a single O-philic adsorption strategy to facilitate initial C-N coupling of *OCO and subsequent protonation over dual-metal hetero-single-atoms in N-Fe-(N-B)-Cu-N coordination mode (FeN/BCuN@NC), which greatly inhibits the formation of C-containing byproducts and facilitates urea electrosynthesis in an unprecedented C-selectivity of 97.1 % with urea yield of 2072.

Fragmented Polymetric Carbon Nitride with Rich Defects for Boosting Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline and Neutral Media.

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction via 2e pathway is a safe and friendly route for hydrogen peroxide (HO) synthesis. In order to achieve efficient synthesis of HO, it is essential to accurately control the active sites. Here, fragmented polymetric carbon nitride with rich defects (DCN) is designed for HO electrosynthesis.

Pressureless Welding of Temperature-Invariant Multifunctionality Body Based on Hydroxyl-Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Bifunctional Monoethanolamine Cross-linker.

Bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) ceramics with structural integrity, high-temperature resistance and low expansion rate are expected for multifunctional applications in extreme conditions. However, due to its sluggish self-diffusion and intrinsic inertness, it remains a great challenge to overcome high-energy barrier for h-BN powder sintering. Herein, a cross-linking and pressureless-welding strategy is reported to produce bulk boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) ceramics with well-crystalized and dense B-N covalent-welding frameworks.

DrugMap: A quantitative pan-cancer analysis of cysteine ligandability.

Cysteine-focused chemical proteomic platforms have accelerated the clinical development of covalent inhibitors for a wide range of targets in cancer. However, how different oncogenic contexts influence cysteine targeting remains unknown. To address this question, we have developed "DrugMap," an atlas of cysteine ligandability compiled across 416 cancer cell lines.

Dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent detection of cobalt ions based on N, B co-doped carbon quantum dots and p-phenylenediamine derived nanoparticles.

Nitrogen, boron co-doped carbon quantum dots (gCQDs), and a coloration probe (PPD-NPs) with response to cobalt ions (Co) were prepared by using 4-hydroxyphenylboric acid as the common precursor, with ethylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) adopted as nitrogen-doped reagents, respectively. A noticeable brown-to-purple color change can be observed with the addition of Co, and a broad absorption band emerges at 535 nm. At the same time, gCQDs, which is introduced as the fluorescence signal source, will be significantly quenched due to the enhanced inner filtration effect, induced by the overlap between the emission spectrum of gCQDs and the emerging absorption band.

Assistive AI in Lung Cancer Screening: A Retrospective Multinational Study in the United States and Japan.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant for lung cancer screening on multinational clinical workflows. Materials and Methods An AI assistant for lung cancer screening was evaluated on two retrospective randomized multireader multicase studies where 627 (141 cancer-positive cases) low-dose chest CT cases were each read twice (with and without AI assistance) by experienced thoracic radiologists (six U.S.

A trinity strategy enabled by iodine-loaded nitrogen-boron-doped carbon protective layer for dendrite-free zinc-ion batteries.

Although aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have the merits of environmental friendliness, high safety and theoretical capacity, the slow kinetics associated with zinc deposition and unavoidable interfacial corrosion have seriously affected the commercialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries. In this work, an ingenious "trinity" design is proposed by applying a porous hydrophilic carbon-loaded iodine coating to the zinc metal surface (INBC@Zn), which simultaneously acts as an artificial protective layer, electrolyte additive and anode curvature regulator, so as to reduce the nucleation overpotential of Zn and promote the preferential deposition of (002) planes to some extent. With this synergistic effect, INBC@Zn exhibits high reversibility and strong side reaction inhibition.

Genetic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with ground-glass opacity component.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that ground-glass opacity featured lung adenocarcinoma (GGO-LUAD) and pure solid-LUAD have significantly different tumor biological behaviors; the former is usually indolent. Genetic variations fundamentally contribute to this distinct tumor behaviors. This study aims to investigate and compare the gene mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in these two subtypes of LUAD.

Polycyclic pyrroloindoline-containing natural products with a unique 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6-]indene core isolated from .

Alscholarine C (1), featuring an unprecedented pyrroloindoline-containing natural product (PiNP) with a 6/5/5/5 tetracyclic carbon skeleton, and four known PiNPs (2-5), namely demethylalstoscholarinine E (2), -demethylechitamine (3), winphylline A (4), and echitamine (5), were isolated from . Compound 1 was characterized by a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-] indole (HPI) core fused to a unique 4-heptylimidazolidine motif, forming an unparalleled 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6-]indene ring system. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, quantum-chemical calculated C NMR data with DP4+ probability analyses, and ECD calculations and comparison.

PB and PB: The Novel B Cage Doped by Nonmetallic P Atoms.

A new kind of nonmetallic atom-doped boron cluster is described herein theoretically. When a phosphorus atom is added to the B motif and loses an electron, a novel B cage is obtained, composed of two B rings at both ends and one B ring in the middle, forming a triangular bifrustum. Interestingly, this B cage is formed by three B units joined together from three directions at an angle of 120°.

TE/TM mode electro-optic conversion based on a titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide with a polarization-maintained fiber structure.

For the development of photonic integrated circuits and lithium niobate ( , LN) optical waveguide technology, the implementation and application of polarization devices based on LN are also becoming more widespread, where titanium (Ti)-diffused LN waveguides form the basis of many important electro-optic (EO) integrated optical devices. Moreover, utilizing polarization conversion has the potential to enhance both the effectiveness and capacity of optical transmission. Thus, we have presented an EO polarization mode converter packaging with PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fibers (PMFs) in the broadband wavelength range (1440-1620 nm) to obtain the multiwavelength modulation, featuring the wavelength tunability.