Disentangling conflicting molecular phylogenetic signals in nuclear and plastid DNA of the western Eurasian-Mediterranean grass genus Cynosurus and its relatives (Poaceae subtribes Cynosurinae and Parapholiinae).

The western Eurasian-Mediterranean grass genus Cynosurus, comprising about 11 species, is morphologically well delimited by the regular occurrence of conspicuous sterile spikelets distal to the fertile ones on the outer, abaxial side of the inflorescences. However, our molecular phylogenetic study using nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, ETS) and plastid DNA sequences (trnL-F, matK) has shown that the genus is not monophyletic in its current delimitation, but consists of three distinct lineages. These lineages were found to be closely related to a group of 6-7 genera taxonomically assigned to the subtribe Parapholiinae.

Repeated upslope biome shifts in Saxifraga during late-Cenozoic climate cooling.

Mountains are among the most biodiverse places on Earth, and plant lineages that inhabit them have some of the highest speciation rates ever recorded. Plant diversity within the alpine zone - the elevation above which trees cannot grow-contributes significantly to overall diversity within mountain systems, but the origins of alpine plant diversity are poorly understood. Here, we quantify the processes that generate alpine plant diversity and their changing dynamics through time in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae), an angiosperm genus that occurs predominantly in mountain systems.

Disparities in Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Introduction: Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the clinical setting is set to become more commonplace with continued efforts to reimburse clinicians for screening. However, an examination of disparities in ACEs screening and related attitudes and beliefs is needed.

Methods: Using the 2021 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), this study examined if several measures of socioeconomic status, access to care and identities were associated with 3 outcomes: 1) getting screened for ACEs by a clinician; 2) beliefs about the importance of screening and 3) satisfaction with efforts to address the impacts of ACEs.

A window of opportunity: Adverse childhood experiences and time alone with a provider in the United States.

Background: To date, there is limited literature on the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and the quality of health care provider encounters. This is key, as people with a history of ACEs have a greater burden of illness.

Methods: This study uses data from the 2020-2021 National Survey of Children's Health to examine relationships between ACEs and (1) spending less than ten minutes with a health care provider, and (2) spending time alone with a health care provider.