Metabolism and effects of acetoaceto--toluidine in the urinary bladder of humanized-liver mice.

Occupational exposure to aromatic amines is a major risk factor for urinary bladder cancer. Our previous studies showed that acetoaceto--toluidine, which is produced using -toluidine as a raw material, promotes urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. We also found high concentrations of -toluidine, a human bladder carcinogen, in the urine of acetoaceto--toluidine-treated rats, indicating that urinary -toluidine derived from acetoaceto--toluidine may play an important role in bladder carcinogenesis.

Sensory processing associated with subcategories of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Japanese children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing.

Super delayed phase imaging in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: investigating factors contributing to improved liver contrast.

Objectives: To assess whether extended delayed phase imaging, performed after gadoxetic acid administration for 60-120 min (termed as super delayed phase [SDP]), improves liver contrast and nodule visibility in patients with chronic liver disease and to identify predictors for contrast enhancement.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 116 patients with chronic liver disease were selected from 6933 gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI examinations, which included SDP images. The liver-to-spleen contrast (LSC) was quantitatively evaluated, and factors influencing the improvement of LSC were analyzed.

Photon-counting three-dimensional fluorescence imaging based on the transport of intensity equation.

A transport of intensity equation (TIE) based three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence imaging using photon-counting detection was proposed for low light-level bioimaging applications. The number of photons required to achieve the quantitative phase measurement using the proposed system was investigated experimentally and numerically. Results show that the feasibility of reconstructing phase information with an average number of photons is greater than about 9 per pixel in our plant cells.

3D fluorescence imaging through a scattering medium using the transport of intensity equation and Fresnel ping-pong algorithm.

A three-dimensional (3D) fluorescent imaging method through a scattering medium has been presented. The proposed method combines digital phase conjugate reconstruction of the scattered light wave by the transport of intensity equation-based 3D fluorescent imaging to the position of scattering medium and followed phase retrieval method by Fresnel ping-pong algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified by measuring the 3D distribution of fluorescent beads and tobacco-cultured cells through a thin diffuser.