Decay Rates of Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Antibody Levels in Early and Moderate-to-Late Preterm and Term Infants at Birth and at Two Months.

A post hoc analysis of maternally derived antibodies at birth and age 2 months following second trimester maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 and 24 weeks' gestational age (GA) showed a faster decay rate of Tdap-related immunoglobulin G in early preterms born before 32 weeks' GA compared with moderate-to-late preterms and full-terms. This is different from previous studies and merits further research.

Early immune profiling reveals distinct inflammatory responses between children and adults few days after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: To date, it is still not clear why during the COVID-19 pandemic children generally developed no or milder symptoms compared to adults. As innate immune responses are crucial in the early defense against pathogens, we aimed at profiling these responses from both adults and children with a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: In the first months of the pandemic, PBMCs and serum were collected from peripheral blood of adults and children at different time points after testing SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive (PCR+).

Long-term dynamics of measles virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in children vaccinated before 12 months of age.

Background: Measles is a highly contagious disease presenting a significant risk for unvaccinated infants and adults. Measles vaccination under the age of 12 months provides early protection, but has also been associated with blunting of antibody responses to subsequent measles vaccinations and assumed to have lower vaccine effectiveness.

Methods: Our study included children who received an early measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination between 6 and 12 months of age (n=79, given in addition to the regular MMR vaccination schedule at 14 months and 9 years) and a group without additional early vaccination (n=44).

A literature review and evidence-based evaluation of the Dutch national immunisation schedule yield possibilities for improvements.

National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) develop historically. Its performance (disease incidences, vaccination coverage) is monitored. Reviewing the schedule as a whole could inform on further optimisation of the programme, i.

Nationwide upsurge in invasive disease in the context of longitudinal surveillance of carriage and invasive 2009-2023, the Netherlands: a molecular epidemiological study.

Since 2022, many countries have reported an upsurge in invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections. We explored whether changes in carriage rates or emergence of strains with potentially altered virulence, such as 1 variants M1 and M1, contributed to the 2022/2023 surge in the Netherlands. We determined (sub)type distribution for 2,698 invasive and 351 .