Nitrogen starvation leads to TOR kinase-mediated downregulation of fatty acid synthesis in the algae Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Background: When subject to stress conditions such as nutrient limitation microalgae accumulate triacylglycerol (TAG). Fatty acid, a substrate for TAG synthesis is derived from de novo synthesis or by membrane remodeling. The model industrial alga Chlorellasorokiniana accumulates TAG and other storage compounds under nitrogen (N)-limited growth.

ROS-mediated thylakoid membrane remodeling and triacylglycerol biosynthesis under nitrogen starvation in the alga .

Many microbes accumulate energy storage molecules such as triglycerides (TAG) and starch during nutrient limitation. In eukaryotic green algae grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions, triglyceride accumulation is coupled with chlorosis and growth arrest. In this study, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) actively accumulate during nitrogen limitation in the microalga .

Phagocytosis in the retina promotes local insulin production in the eye.

The retina is highly metabolically active, relying on glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis. Situated in close contact to photoreceptors, a key function of cells in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is phagocytosis of damaged photoreceptor outer segments (POS). Here we identify RPE as a local source of insulin in the eye that is stimulated by POS phagocytosis.

Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass.

A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stress to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum.

Longitudinal Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses Reveal Alterations Associated with Envenoming by and in an Experimental Murine Model.

Longitudinal metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were carried out on the blood plasma of mice injected intramuscularly with venoms of the viperid species or . Blood samples were collected 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after venom injection, and a control group of non-envenomed mice was included. Significant perturbations in metabolomics and lipidomics were observed at 1, 3, and 6 h, while values returned close to those of control mice by 24 h, hence reflecting a transient pattern of metabolic disturbance.