Temperature impacts on anaerobic biotransformation of LNAPL and concurrent shifts in microbial community structure.

Thermally-enhanced bioremediation is a promising treatment approach for petroleum contamination; however, studies examining temperature effects on anaerobic biodegradation in zones containing light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) are lacking. Herein, laboratory microcosm studies were conducted for a former refinery to evaluate LNAPL transformation, sulfate reduction, and methane generation over a one-year period for temperatures ranging from 4 to 40 °C, and microbial community shifts were characterized. Temperatures of 22 and 30 °C significantly increased total biogas generation compared to lower (4 and 9 °C) and higher temperatures (35 and 40 °C; p < 0.

Description of Bacillus naganoensis sp. nov.

A new species, Bacillus naganoensis, is proposed for an obligately aerobic, moderately acidophilic, endospore-forming bacterium that produces a thermostable, aciduric pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.

Subchronic toxicity studies in dogs and in utero rats fed diets containing Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase from a natural or recombinant DNA host.

Beagle dogs and Fischer 344 rats were fed diets containing 0, 36 or 72 units Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase (Bsa)/g food or of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase (cBsa)/g food. The dogs (four/sex/group) received treated diets for 13 wk. For the rat studies, the parental (F0) generation (12 males and 24 females/group for the Bsa study, and 26 rats/sex/group for the cBsa study) received treated diets for 13 or 4 wk, respectively, before breeding and through weaning of the F1 pups; 20 F1 rats/sex/group received treated diets for at least 13 wk (from weaning until necropsy).

Subchronic toxicity studies in dogs and in utero-exposed rats fed diets containing Bacillus megaterium amylase derived from a recombinant DNA organism.

Subchronic toxicity studies were performed using a food-grade enzyme product from a recombinant Bacillus subtilis containing the B. megaterium amylase gene. Beagle dogs (four/sex/group) and Fischer 344 rats (25/sex/group) were fed diets containing 0, 20, 60 or 100 units amylase/g food.