Accuracy of Point-of-Care-Ultrasonography in Confirming Shoulder Reduction in Emergency Departments.

Aims Accurate identification of the successful reduction of a dislocated shoulder could avoid additional episodes of procedural sedation and repeated performance of X-rays. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) in the confirmation of a successful joint reduction in patients with shoulder dislocation. Methods This was a single-centre, prospective observational study set in an urban academic ED in Ireland, with a convenience sample of adult patients with shoulder dislocation on X-ray.

Changes in the spike activity of neurons in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in humans during performance of a voluntary movement.

The responses of neurons in the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) of the thalamus were studied in humans during performance of voluntary motor tests; recordings were made with microelectrodes during stereotaxic operations in patients with Parkinson's disease. Two previously classified types of polyvalent neurons (A, B) were found to show different patterns of responses during the functional stages of carrying out a voluntary movement (preparation, initiation, performance). A and B neurons showed concordant changes in the dynamics of ongoing network activity in the form of linked (activation-inhibition) and synergic (activation) response patterns, correlating with the preparation-trigger and performance phases of movements.

Analysis of evoked activity patterns of human thalamic ventrolateral neurons during verbally ordered voluntary movements.

In the human thalamic ventralis lateralis nucleus the responses of 184 single units to verbally ordered voluntary movements and some somatosensory stimulations were studied by microelectrode recording technique during 38 stereotactic operations on parkinsonian patients. The tests were carried out on the same previously examined population of neurons classified into two groups, named A- and B-types according to the functional criteria of their intrinsic structure of spontaneous activity patterns. The evaluation of the responses of these units during functionally different phases of a voluntary movement (preparation, initiation, execution, after-effect) by means of the principal component analysis and correlation techniques confirmed the functional differences between A- and B-types of neurons and their polyvalent convergent nature.

Analysis of spontaneous activity patterns of human thalamic ventrolateral neurons and their modifications due to functional brain changes.

In the human thalamic ventralis lateralis nucleus the spontaneous activity of 235 single units during 38 stereotactic operations in locally anaesthetized parkinsonian patients was analysed. Two basic cell types (A and B) were shown to exist in this nucleus: (i) with unitary irregular (2-40/s) discharges characterized by a tendency to spike grouping in the range of 4-6 Hz and 10-30 Hz (A-type, 74%), (ii) with bursting discharges firing in short trains (5-30 ms) characterized by an unstable rhythmic 3-6 Hz pattern similar to a low-threshold Ca2+ intrinsic burst structure of discharges (B-type, 26%). The functional brain changes after a motor tests performance were accompanied by the appearance of two different transient modifications of activity of A-cells pattern into rhythmic burst discharges: (i) in the range of 3-6 Hz, similar to the bursts found for B-cells and recorded mainly in the anterior ventrolateral region in rigid patients, (ii) in the range of 5 +/- 1 Hz, characterized by other interspike interval and recorded in the posterior ventrolateral region in patients with tremor.

Spontaneous activity of individual neurons in the human ventrolateral thalamus during changes in the functional state of the brain.

Background spike activity of 235 cells of the integrative subcortical motor center, i.e., the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, were analyzed in nonanesthetized human brains during stereotaxic surgery in patients with various forms of Parkinson's disease.