Pathological RANK signaling in B cells drives autoimmunity and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Clinical evidence suggests alterations in receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling are key contributors to B cell autoimmunity and malignancy, but the pathophysiological consequences of aberrant B cell-intrinsic RANK signaling remain unknown. We generated mice that express a human lymphoma-derived, hyperactive RANKK240E variant in B lymphocytes in vivo. Forced RANK signaling disrupted B cell tolerance and induced a fully penetrant systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in addition to the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Lead and other heavy metals in dust fall from single-family housing demolition.

Objective: We measured lead and other heavy metals in dust during older housing demolition and effectiveness of dust suppression.

Methods: We used American Public Housing Association Method 502 and U.S.

Dose-, IGF-I- and sex-dependent changes in lipid profile and body composition during GH replacement therapy in adult onset GH deficiency.

Objective: Patients with GH deficiency of adult onset (GHDA) exhibit dyslipidaemia and increased cardiovascular morbidity. GH replacement potently reduces body fat and serum lipids in GHDA. In recent years, lower GH doses have been introduced.

Continuation of growth hormone therapy versus placebo in transition-phase patients with growth hormone deficiency: impact on body composition, insulin sensitivity, and thyroid function.

In a placebo-controlled, parallel study of 18 patients with a mean age of 20 years who had confirmed growth hormone (GH) deficiency, we evaluated body composition, insulin sensitivity, and glucose turnover at baseline (when all were receiving GH replacement); after 12 months of continued GH therapy or placebo; and after a 12-month open phase of GH therapy. In the placebo group, insulin sensitivity and fat mass increased and lipid oxidation decreased, whereas glucose oxidation increased (p <0.05).

Evaluation of the optimum dose of growth hormone (GH) for restoring bone mass in adult-onset GH deficiency: results from two 12-month randomized studies.

Objective: To establish the optimum GH dose for restoring bone mineral density (BMD) in adult-onset GH deficiency (GHDA).

Design: Two separate randomized, controlled clinical trials.

Patients: Fifty-eight adults aged 45.